Turner-Stokes L
King's College London.
Disabil Rehabil. 2002 Dec 15;24(18):939-47. doi: 10.1080/0963828021000007950.
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a complex and poorly-understood condition characterized by: (a) pain and altered sensation; (b) motor disturbance and soft tissue change; (c) vasomotor and autonomic changes; and (d) psychosocial disturbance. Neurological symptoms typically do not conform to any particular pattern of nerve damage. Many different names have been ascribed to this condition and most recently the term 'complex regional pain syndrome' has been coined to emphasize the complex interaction of somatic, psychological and behavioural factors. Diagnostic criteria have been proposed by the International Association for the Study of Pain, but are still subject to debate. This review article describes the clinical features which may present as part of the condition, and the patho-physiology and pre-disposing factors so far identified. The evidence for effectiveness of different interventions is presented and a treatment approach outlined for inter-disciplinary management. While RSD is traditionally associated with pain in the extremities, the possibility is raised that the same process may underlie chronic pain syndromes affecting more central structures, such as testicular or pelvic pain.
反射性交感神经营养不良（RSD）是一种复杂且了解甚少的病症，其特征包括：（a）疼痛和感觉改变；（b）运动障碍和软组织变化；（c）血管舒缩和自主神经变化；以及（d）心理社会障碍。神经症状通常不符合任何特定的神经损伤模式。这种病症有许多不同的名称，最近创造了“复杂性区域疼痛综合征”这一术语，以强调躯体、心理和行为因素的复杂相互作用。国际疼痛研究协会已经提出了诊断标准，但仍存在争议。这篇综述文章描述了可能作为该病症一部分出现的临床特征，以及迄今为止所确定的病理生理学和易感因素。文中呈现了不同干预措施有效性的证据，并概述了一种跨学科管理的治疗方法。虽然传统上RSD与肢体疼痛相关，但也提出了这样一种可能性，即相同的过程可能是影响更中枢结构（如睾丸或盆腔疼痛）的慢性疼痛综合征的基础。
