Nakamura M, Fukushima H
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1976 Sep 29;49(3):259-61. doi: 10.1007/BF00426826.
Clonazepam, one of the benzodiazepines, induced head twitches in mice in a dose-dependent manner and sustained them for at least 120 min. Some of the benzodiazepines such as nitrazepam, fludiazepam, and nimetazepam also significantly induced head twitches at doses higher than 10 mg/kg, but other benzodiazepines like diazepam, flurazepam, oxazepam, medazepam, and chlordiazepoxide did not significantly induce head twitches at doses up to 60 mg/kg. The head twitches induced by clonazepam were more strongly blocked by a n antiserotonin drug, cyproheptadine than catecholamine receptor blocking drugs, haloperidol, propranolol, and phentolamine, and were not blocked by GABA receptor blocking drugs, bicuculline and picrotoxin, as well as by a glycine receptor blocking drug, strychnine. Clonazepam also increased the head twitches induced by mescaline, a serotonin receptor stimulant. These results indicate that the head twitches induced by clonazepam might be mediated via serotonergic neuron systems.
氯硝西泮是苯二氮䓬类药物之一，能以剂量依赖的方式诱导小鼠头部抽搐，并持续至少120分钟。一些苯二氮䓬类药物，如硝西泮、氟地西泮和硝甲西泮，在剂量高于10mg/kg时也能显著诱导头部抽搐，但其他苯二氮䓬类药物，如地西泮、氟西泮、奥沙西泮、美达西泮和氯氮䓬，在剂量高达60mg/kg时并未显著诱导头部抽搐。氯硝西泮诱导的头部抽搐被抗血清素药物赛庚啶阻断的程度比被儿茶酚胺受体阻断药物氟哌啶醇、普萘洛尔和酚妥拉明阻断的程度更强，并且不被GABA受体阻断药物荷包牡丹碱和苦味毒以及甘氨酸受体阻断药物士的宁阻断。氯硝西泮还增强了5-羟色胺受体兴奋剂三甲氧苯乙胺诱导的头部抽搐。这些结果表明，氯硝西泮诱导的头部抽搐可能通过血清素能神经元系统介导。
