Lipscomb Jane A, Trinkoff Alison M, Geiger-Brown Jeanne, Brady Barbara
Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore 21201-1579, USA.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002 Dec;28(6):394-401. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.691.
The relationship between a combination of demanding work-schedule characteristics and reported musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, shoulders, and back was examined.
A probability sample of 1163 nurses, randomly selected from the list of actively licensed nurses in two states of the United States, served as the sample for this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via an anonymous survey mailed to the participants' homes from October 1999 through February 2000.
Four of the nine work-schedule characteristics (working full-time, >8 hours/day, 2-4 weekends/month, and other than day shift) were significantly related to musculoskeletal disorders in one or more body sites. When a work-schedule index was created by summing the nine characteristics, a demanding schedule was significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders in the neck [odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.00-1.21], shoulder (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23), and back (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06-1.27). Adjustment for psychological and physical job demands reduced the odds ratios slightly and therefore suggested that some of the association between musculoskeletal disorders and schedule was due to increased exposure to these job demands. Working "long hours" (>12 hours/day, >40 hours/week) and "off hours" (weekends and "other than day shifts") were associated with a 50-170% increase in the age-adjusted odds ratio for musculoskeletal disorders in the three body sites.
The findings of this study suggest that preventing musculoskeletal disorders requires system-level approaches to scheduling that reduce the time of exposure to demanding work conditions and promote healthful work-rest patterns.
研究高强度工作安排特征组合与报告的颈部、肩部和背部肌肉骨骼疾病之间的关系。
从美国两个州的在职执业护士名单中随机抽取1163名护士作为概率样本，用于这项横断面研究。数据通过1999年10月至2000年2月邮寄到参与者家中的匿名调查问卷收集。
九个工作安排特征中的四个（全职工作、每天工作超过8小时、每月工作2 - 4个周末以及非日班）与一个或多个身体部位的肌肉骨骼疾病显著相关。当通过对这九个特征进行求和创建一个工作安排指数时，高强度的工作安排与颈部（优势比[OR] 1.10，95%置信区间[95% CI] 1.00 - 1.21）、肩部（OR 1.12，95% CI 1.01 - 1.23）和背部（OR 1.16，95% CI 1.06 - 1.27）的肌肉骨骼疾病显著相关。对心理和身体工作需求进行调整后，优势比略有降低，因此表明肌肉骨骼疾病与工作安排之间的部分关联是由于接触这些工作需求增加所致。“长时间工作”（每天工作超过12小时、每周工作超过40小时）和“非工作时间”（周末和“非日班”）与三个身体部位肌肉骨骼疾病的年龄调整后优势比增加50% - 170%相关。
本研究结果表明，预防肌肉骨骼疾病需要从系统层面进行工作安排，减少接触高强度工作条件的时间，并促进健康的工作 - 休息模式。
