Trinkoff Alison M, Lipscomb Jane A, Geiger-Brown Jeanne, Storr Carla L, Brady Barbara A
Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2003 Apr;24(3):270-5. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00639-6.
Nursing is physically demanding, and nurses have higher rates of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) than most other occupational groups. The physical demands of nursing may lead some nurses to leave the profession, contributing to the shortage of registered nurses in many workplaces that is a major concern today. As a first step toward reducing MSDs and their consequences, this study was designed to examine the relationship between perceived physical demands and reported neck, shoulder, and back MSDs in nurses.
Data were collected anonymously from 1163 randomly selected working nurses (74% response rate) using a cross-sectional survey. The 12-item survey scale (internal reliability coefficient=0.89), rated perceived physical demands such as force, awkward postures, and heavy lifting. Nurses with a presumed MSD case reported relevant past-year symptoms in the neck, shoulder, and/or back lasting >or=1 weeks, or at least monthly, with moderate or more pain, on average.
Moderate and high perceived physical demands were significantly associated with reported neck, shoulder, and back MSD cases, even after adjustments for demographic and lifestyle-related covariates. Adjusted odds ratios for highly demanding work (vs low) ranged from 4.98 to 6.13 depending on body site. When analyses were restricted to staff nurses only, the odds ranged from 9.05 to 11.99.
Perceived physical demands are associated with reported MSD in registered nurses, and the association is stronger in staff nurses.
护理工作对体力要求较高，护士患肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）的比例高于大多数其他职业群体。护理工作对体力的要求可能导致一些护士离职，这加剧了许多工作场所注册护士短缺的问题，而这是当今一个主要的担忧。作为减少MSD及其后果的第一步，本研究旨在调查护士感知到的体力需求与报告的颈部、肩部和背部MSD之间的关系。
采用横断面调查，从1163名随机抽取的在职护士中匿名收集数据（回复率为74%）。这份包含12个条目的调查问卷（内部信度系数=0.89）对感知到的体力需求进行评分，如用力、不良姿势和重物搬运。疑似患有MSD的护士报告了过去一年中颈部、肩部和/或背部出现的相关症状，持续时间≥1周，或至少每月出现一次，平均疼痛程度为中度或更严重。
即使在对人口统计学和生活方式相关的协变量进行调整后，中度和高度感知到的体力需求与报告的颈部、肩部和背部MSD病例仍显著相关。根据身体部位不同，高体力需求工作（与低体力需求工作相比）的调整后比值比在4.98至6.13之间。当分析仅限于注册护士时，比值比在9.05至11.99之间。
注册护士感知到的体力需求与报告的MSD有关，且这种关联在注册护士中更强。
