Mindham J, Espie C A
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Glasgow, Academic Centre, Glasgow, UK.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2003 Jan;47(Pt 1):22-30. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00457.x.
Self-rating scales are widely used in general adult practice; however, there is no reliable and valid method for assessing state anxiety in people with intellectual disability (ID). The present study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a new scale, the Glasgow Anxiety Scale for People with an Intellectual Disability (GAS-ID).
First, an item pool was generated from focus groups, a review of the literature and clinician feedback. Secondly, a draft scale was administered to 19 anxious and 16 non-anxious people with ID for further validation and appraisal of reliability. Thirdly, the scale was completed by 19 anxious, non-ID people for cross-validation with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Finally, physiological concomitants were validated by pulse-oximetry.
The 27-item GAS-ID discriminated anxious from non-anxious participants, had good test-retest reliability (r = 0.95) and internal consistency (alpha = 0.96), and was reasonably correlated with the BAI (rho = 0.75). The correlation between the physiological subscale of the GAS-ID and changes in pulse rate was moderately significant (rho = 0.52).
This preliminary study suggests that the GAS-ID offers a psychometrically robust and practical (5-10 min) approach to the appraisal of anxiety in this population.
自评量表在普通成人医疗实践中广泛应用；然而，目前尚无可靠且有效的方法来评估智力残疾（ID）人群的状态焦虑。本研究描述了一种新量表——格拉斯哥智力残疾者焦虑量表（GAS-ID）的开发及心理测量学评估。
首先，通过焦点小组、文献综述和临床医生反馈生成项目池。其次，将量表初稿施测于19名焦虑的和16名非焦虑的智力残疾者，以进一步验证并评估其信度。第三，19名焦虑的非智力残疾者完成该量表，以便与贝克焦虑量表（BAI）进行交叉验证。最后，通过脉搏血氧测定法验证生理指标。
27个条目的GAS-ID能够区分焦虑和非焦虑参与者，具有良好的重测信度（r = 0.95）和内部一致性（α = 0.96），并与BAI有合理的相关性（ρ = 0.75）。GAS-ID的生理分量表与脉搏率变化之间的相关性中度显著（ρ = 0.52）。
这项初步研究表明，GAS-ID为评估该人群的焦虑提供了一种心理测量学上稳健且实用（5 - 10分钟）的方法。
