Grote Nancy K, Naylor Kristen E, Clark Margaret S
School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
J Fam Psychol. 2002 Dec;16(4):510-22.
Past research has revealed that women, working or not, perform more family labor (i.e., housework and child care) than do men. Yet, women often do not perceive this as unfair. Drawing on the theoretical work of L. Thompson (1991) and B. Major (1993), the authors hypothesized that this paradox might be explained by women perceiving greater fairness in the lopsided division of family work (a) when they compare the amount of family work they do with other women (who perform similar amounts) rather than with the spouse; (b) when they enjoy performing family work; and/or (c) when they and their spouses believe that they are especially competent at family work. Data from a 3-panel, longitudinal study of married couples expecting their first child were consistent with the second and third predictions but not the first. Further, prospective analyses suggested that perceiving inequity in family work leads wives and husbands to make more frequent comparisons with the spouse and sometimes with same-sex others.
过去的研究表明，无论是否工作，女性承担的家务劳动（即家务和育儿）都比男性多。然而，女性往往并不认为这是不公平的。借鉴L. 汤普森（1991年）和B. 梅杰（1993年）的理论研究，作者们推测，这种矛盾现象可能是因为女性在以下情况下会觉得家庭工作的不平衡分工更公平：（a）当她们将自己承担的家务劳动量与其他女性（承担量相似）而非配偶进行比较时；（b）当她们喜欢做家务时；和/或（c）当她们和配偶都认为自己在家务劳动方面特别有能力时。一项针对初育夫妇的三阶段纵向研究的数据与第二和第三个预测相符，但与第一个预测不符。此外，前瞻性分析表明，认为家务分工不公平会导致夫妻更频繁地将自己与配偶进行比较，有时也会与同性他人进行比较。
