Visser Mechteld R M, Smets Ellen M A, Oort Frans J, De Haes Hanneke C J M
Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
CMAJ. 2003 Feb 4;168(3):271-5.
Stress and stress-related illnesses are increasing among medical specialists. This threatens the quality of patient care. In this study we investigated (a) levels of job stress and job satisfaction among medical specialists, (b) factors contributing to stress and satisfaction and (c) the effect of stress and satisfaction on burnout.
A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 2400 Dutch medical specialists. Measures included job stress, job satisfaction, burnout, personal characteristics, job characteristics and perceived working conditions.
The final response rate was 63%. Of the respondents, 55% acknowledged high levels of stress, and 81% reported high job satisfaction. Personal and job characteristics explained 2%-6% of the variance in job stress and satisfaction. Perceived working conditions were more important, explaining 24% of the variance in job stress and 34% of the variance in job satisfaction. Among perceived working conditions, the interference of work on home life (odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-1.76) and not being able to live up to one's professional standards (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.37-1.80) were most related to stress. Feeling poorly managed and resourced (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.76-2.43) diminished job satisfaction. Burnout was explained by both high stress and low satisfaction (41% of variance explained) rather than by stress alone.
Our study showed a protective effect of job satisfaction against the negative consequences of work stress as well as the importance of organizational rather than personal factors in managing both stress and satisfaction.
医学专家中压力及与压力相关的疾病正在增加。这对患者护理质量构成威胁。在本研究中，我们调查了：（a）医学专家的工作压力水平和工作满意度；（b）导致压力和满意度的因素；以及（c）压力和满意度对职业倦怠的影响。
向2400名荷兰医学专家的随机样本邮寄了一份问卷。测量指标包括工作压力、工作满意度、职业倦怠、个人特征、工作特征和感知到的工作条件。
最终回复率为63%。在受访者中，55%承认压力水平高，81%报告工作满意度高。个人和工作特征解释了工作压力和满意度差异的2%-6%。感知到的工作条件更重要，解释了工作压力差异的24%和工作满意度差异的34%。在感知到的工作条件中，工作对家庭生活的干扰（优势比[OR]1.54，95%置信区间[CI]1.35-1.76）以及无法达到专业标准（OR 1.57，95%CI 1.37-1.80）与压力最相关。感觉管理不善和资源不足（OR 2.07，95%CI 1.76-2.43）会降低工作满意度。职业倦怠由高压力和低满意度共同解释（解释了41%的差异），而不仅仅是压力。
我们的研究表明工作满意度对工作压力的负面影响具有保护作用，以及在管理压力和满意度方面组织因素而非个人因素的重要性。
