Layman Donald K, Boileau Richard A, Erickson Donna J, Painter James E, Shiue Harn, Sather Carl, Christou Demtra D
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
J Nutr. 2003 Feb;133(2):411-7. doi: 10.1093/jn/133.2.411.
Claims about the merits or risks of carbohydrate (CHO) vs. protein for weight loss diets are extensive, yet the ideal ratio of dietary carbohydrate to protein for adult health and weight management remains unknown. This study examined the efficacy of two weight loss diets with modified CHO/protein ratios to change body composition and blood lipids in adult women. Women (n = 24; 45 to 56 y old) with body mass indices >26 kg/m(2) were assigned to either a CHO Group consuming a diet with a CHO/protein ratio of 3.5 (68 g protein/d) or a Protein Group with a ratio of 1.4 (125 g protein/d). Diets were isoenergetic, providing 7100 kJ/d, and similar amounts of fat ( approximately 50 g/d). After consuming the diets for 10 wk, the CHO Group lost 6.96 +/- 1.36 kg body weight and the Protein Group lost 7.53 +/- 1.44 kg. Weight loss in the Protein Group was partitioned to a significantly higher loss of fat/lean (6.3 +/- 1.2 g/g) compared with the CHO Group (3.8 +/- 0.9). Both groups had significant reductions in serum cholesterol ( approximately 10%), whereas the Protein Group also had significant reductions in triacylglycerols (TAG) (21%) and the ratio of TAG/HDL cholesterol (23%). Women in the CHO Group had higher insulin responses to meals and postprandial hypoglycemia, whereas women in the Protein Group reported greater satiety. This study demonstrates that increasing the proportion of protein to carbohydrate in the diet of adult women has positive effects on body composition, blood lipids, glucose homeostasis and satiety during weight loss.
关于碳水化合物（CHO）与蛋白质对减肥饮食的优缺点的说法众多，但对于成年人健康和体重管理而言，理想的膳食碳水化合物与蛋白质比例仍不明确。本研究考察了两种改变CHO/蛋白质比例的减肥饮食对成年女性身体成分和血脂的影响。体重指数>26 kg/m²的女性（n = 24；45至56岁）被分配到CHO组，该组摄入CHO/蛋白质比例为3.5的饮食（每日68克蛋白质），或蛋白质组，其比例为1.4（每日125克蛋白质）。饮食能量相同，每日提供7100千焦，脂肪含量相近（约每日50克）。食用这些饮食10周后，CHO组体重减轻了6.96±1.36千克，蛋白质组体重减轻了7.53±1.44千克。与CHO组（3.8±0.9）相比，蛋白质组的体重减轻中脂肪/瘦体重的减少量显著更高（6.3±1.2克/克）。两组的血清胆固醇均显著降低（约10%），而蛋白质组的三酰甘油（TAG）也显著降低（21%），TAG/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值降低（23%）。CHO组女性对餐食的胰岛素反应和餐后低血糖更高，而蛋白质组女性饱腹感更强。本研究表明，在成年女性饮食中增加蛋白质相对于碳水化合物的比例，对减肥期间的身体成分、血脂、葡萄糖稳态和饱腹感有积极影响。
