Dalgaard Line Barner, Thams Line, Skovgaard Jensen Jon, Jørgensen Astrid Ank, Breenfeldt Andersen Andreas, Gejl Kasper Degn, Bertram Hanne Christine, Hansen Mette
Research Unit for Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Medicine, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark.
Br J Nutr. 2025 Jan 14;133(1):126-135. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524003015. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effects of breakfast high or low in protein on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in young women with overweight. In total, fifty-six women aged 18-30 years consumed a breakfast containing either high protein (34 g protein, 26) or low protein (6 g protein, 30) for 12 weeks. Measurements of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, waist circumference, glucose tolerance, fasting glucose, insulin and lipid profile were performed before and after this period. The primary outcome was fat mass. Satiety and hunger were evaluated by self-reported Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Dietary intake was estimated by 4-d dietary records, and calcium intake was estimated by FFQ. At baseline, relative daily protein intake was 15·2 ± 2·8 E%, which increased to 19·3 ± 3·4 E% in high protein but was unchanged in low protein ( < 0·001 between groups). High protein reported higher satiety compared with low protein ( = 0·02). Yet, no group differences were observed in changes in energy intake, body composition, blood lipid profile or measures of glucose tolerance (all > 0·10). However, bone mineral content tended to increase in high protein ( = 0·05) and decrease in low protein ( = 0·07, interaction effect: = 0·01). Conclusively, a high . low content of protein in breakfast increased satiety but did not affect body composition or cardiometabolic markers in young women with overweight. This study adds to the sparse evidence on the effects of breakfast with different macronutrient compositions on health parameters in women with overweight. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04518605.
这项随机对照试验的目的是研究高蛋白或低蛋白早餐对超重年轻女性身体成分和心脏代谢指标的影响。共有56名年龄在18至30岁之间的女性连续12周食用了高蛋白（34克蛋白质，26）或低蛋白（6克蛋白质，30）的早餐。在此期间前后，通过双能X线吸收法测量身体成分、腰围、葡萄糖耐量、空腹血糖、胰岛素和血脂谱。主要结局指标是脂肪量。通过自我报告的视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分评估饱腹感和饥饿感。通过4天饮食记录估计饮食摄入量，通过食物频率问卷估计钙摄入量。在基线时，每日相对蛋白质摄入量为15.2±2.8E%，高蛋白组增加到19.3±3.4E%，而低蛋白组保持不变（组间<0.001）。与低蛋白组相比，高蛋白组报告的饱腹感更高（=0.02）。然而，在能量摄入、身体成分、血脂谱或葡萄糖耐量测量方面未观察到组间差异（均>0.10）。然而，高蛋白组骨矿物质含量有增加趋势（=0.05），低蛋白组有降低趋势（=0.07，交互作用效应：=0.01）。总之，早餐中高蛋白或低蛋白含量增加了饱腹感，但对超重年轻女性的身体成分或心脏代谢指标没有影响。本研究补充了关于不同宏量营养素组成的早餐对超重女性健康参数影响的稀少证据。在clinicaltrials.gov注册：NCT04518605。
