Breland Alison B, Buchhalter August R, Evans Sarah E, Eissenberg Thomas
Department of Psychology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2002;4 Suppl 2:S131-40. doi: 10.1080/1462220021000032780.
Harm reduction for tobacco smokers may involve reducing their exposure to lethal smoke constituents. Assessing smoke constituent exposure and any resulting harm reduction from a potential reduced-exposure product (PREP) will involve preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a clinical laboratory model for assessing the acute effects of PREPs for smokers. Philip Morris' Accord and R.J. Reynolds' Eclipse were used as examples. Twenty overnight-abstinent smokers (> 15 'light' or 'ultra-light' cigarettes/day) participated in 4 Latin-square ordered, 2.5-hr sessions in which they completed an 8-puff smoking bout every 30 minutes. Sessions were separated by at least 24 hours and differed by product used: own brand, denicotinized tobacco cigarettes, Accord, or Eclipse. Tobacco withdrawal and carbon monoxide (CO) were assessed before and after smoking, heart rate was assessed before and during smoking, and puff volume, duration, and interpuff interval were assessed while subjects smoked. Blood was sampled at the beginning and end of each session. Relative to normal cigarettes, Accord was less effective at suppressing withdrawal and produced minimal CO boost despite the fact that, when using Accord, subjects took bigger and longer puffs. Eclipse suppressed withdrawal fully and increased CO boost by approximately 30%. Own brand, Accord, and Eclipse, but not denicotinized cigarettes, increased plasma nicotine concentration. Taken together, these results suggest that neither Accord nor Eclipse is likely to be an effective reduced-exposure product for smokers and that this clinical laboratory model is valuable.
减少吸烟者的危害可能涉及降低他们接触致命烟雾成分的程度。评估烟雾成分暴露以及潜在的低暴露产品（PREP）所带来的任何危害降低情况，将涉及临床前、临床和流行病学研究。本研究的目的是评估一种临床实验室模型，用于评估PREP对吸烟者的急性影响。以菲利普·莫里斯公司的Accord和雷诺兹公司的Eclipse为例。20名过夜戒烟的吸烟者（每天吸食超过15支“淡”或“超淡”香烟）参加了4次拉丁方设计的、每次时长2.5小时的试验，试验中他们每30分钟完成一次8口的吸烟过程。试验之间至少间隔24小时，且因使用的产品不同而有所差异：自有品牌香烟、去尼古丁烟草香烟、Accord或Eclipse。在吸烟前后评估烟草戒断情况和一氧化碳（CO）水平，在吸烟前和吸烟过程中评估心率，在受试者吸烟时评估吸量、持续时间和吸间间隔。在每次试验开始和结束时采集血液样本。相对于普通香烟，Accord在抑制戒断方面效果较差，尽管使用Accord时受试者的吸量更大、持续时间更长，但产生的CO增加量却很小。Eclipse能完全抑制戒断，且使CO增加量提高约30%。自有品牌香烟、Accord和Eclipse，但不包括去尼古丁香烟，会增加血浆尼古丁浓度。综合来看，这些结果表明，Accord和Eclipse都不太可能成为对吸烟者有效的低暴露产品，且这种临床实验室模型很有价值。
