Stewart Judith C, Hyde Richard W, Boscia Joseph, Chow Ming-Yan, O'Mara Robert E, Perillo Irene, Pietropaoli Anthony, Smith Carr J, Torres Alfonso, Utell Mark J, Frampton Mark W
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Dec;8(6):773-83. doi: 10.1080/14622200601004091.
Eclipse, produced by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, is a potential reduced exposure product (PREP) that heats rather than burns tobacco. We hypothesized that switching to Eclipse would result in relative normalization of pulmonary epithelial permeability, airway inflammation, and blood leukocyte activation in current smokers. We assessed 10 healthy smokers (aged 21-50 years, 19+/-8 pack-years) at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of switching to Eclipse, for symptoms, pulmonary function, airway inflammation, lung clearance of (99m)technicium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and blood leukocyte activation and production of reactive oxygen species. Values were compared before and after Eclipse use and with those of healthy, lifetime nonsmokers (aged 18-53 years). Compared with baseline values before switching to Eclipse, lung permeability half-time increased from 33+/-3 to 43+/-6 min (p = .017) after 2 weeks and to 44+/-7 min (p = .10) after 4 weeks of Eclipse use. Carboxyhemoglobin levels increased from 5%+/-2% to 7%+/-2% (p<.01) at 4 weeks. Compared with smoking the usual brand of cigarettes, after smoking Eclipse the percentage of natural killer cells, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on monocytes, and the expression of CD45RO on T cells showed significant improvement. However, expression of other surface markers, notably CD23 on monocytes, became more abnormal. Production of reactive oxygen species by smokers' neutrophils and monocytes increased further with Eclipse use. We found no significant effects on pulmonary function, cells in induced sputum, or exhaled nitric oxide. Switching to Eclipse reduces alveolar epithelial injury in some smokers but may increase carboxyhemoglobin levels and oxidative stress.
由雷诺烟草公司生产的“日蚀”牌香烟是一种潜在的低暴露产品（PREP），它加热烟草而非燃烧烟草。我们假设，对于当前吸烟者而言，改用“日蚀”牌香烟会使肺上皮通透性、气道炎症及血液白细胞激活相对恢复正常。我们评估了10名健康吸烟者（年龄21 - 50岁，吸烟量为19±8包年），在基线时以及改用“日蚀”牌香烟2周和4周后，观察其症状、肺功能、气道炎症、锝 - 二乙烯三胺五乙酸的肺清除率、血液白细胞激活情况及活性氧的产生。将这些数值与使用“日蚀”牌香烟前后以及健康的终生不吸烟者（年龄18 - 53岁）的数值进行比较。与改用“日蚀”牌香烟前的基线值相比，使用2周后肺通透性半衰期从33±3分钟增加到43±6分钟（p = 0.017），使用4周后增加到44±7分钟（p = 0.10）。4周时碳氧血红蛋白水平从5%±2%增加到7%±2%（p<0.01）。与吸普通品牌香烟相比，吸“日蚀”牌香烟后，自然杀伤细胞的百分比、单核细胞上细胞间黏附分子 - 1的表达以及T细胞上CD45RO的表达均有显著改善。然而，其他表面标志物的表达，尤其是单核细胞上CD23的表达变得更加异常。吸烟者的中性粒细胞和单核细胞在使用“日蚀”牌香烟后活性氧的产生进一步增加。我们发现对肺功能、诱导痰中的细胞或呼出一氧化氮没有显著影响。改用“日蚀”牌香烟可减轻部分吸烟者的肺泡上皮损伤，但可能会增加碳氧血红蛋白水平和氧化应激。
