Slavin R G, Avioli L V
Arch Intern Med. 1976 Mar;136(3):352-6. doi: 10.1001/archinte.136.3.352.
Two examples of immunologically mediated diseases of the lung have been discussed. The first, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is caused by sensitivity to inhalation of an organic dust. It is largely a restrictive type of lung disease and is probably caused by a combination of type 3 and type 4 allergic reactions. The second disease, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, is caused by a type 1 and type 3 allergic response to Aspergillus antigen in a basically atopic, generally asthmatic individual. It is vital to keep the diagnostic index of suspicion high so as to recognize these diseases early enough to prevent irreparable tissue damage. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis may masquerade as idopathic pulmonary fibrosis or Hamman-Rich syndrome. Allergic aspergillosis may be called Loeffler pneumonia or PIE syndrome (pulmonary infiltrates with eosiniphilia). Failure to diagnose properly may result in extensive pulmonary fibrosis or bronchiectasis and condemn the patient to a lifetime as a pulmonary cripple.
文中讨论了两种免疫介导的肺部疾病实例。第一种是外源性过敏性肺泡炎，由吸入有机粉尘过敏所致。它主要是一种限制性肺病，可能由3型和4型过敏反应共同引起。第二种疾病是变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病，是由基本为特应性、通常为哮喘患者对曲霉菌抗原产生的1型和3型过敏反应引起。保持高度的诊断怀疑指数至关重要，以便尽早识别这些疾病，防止不可修复的组织损伤。外源性过敏性肺泡炎可能伪装成特发性肺纤维化或Hamman-Rich综合征。变应性曲霉菌病可能被称为吕弗勒肺炎或PIE综合征（嗜酸性粒细胞增多性肺浸润）。诊断不当可能导致广泛的肺纤维化或支气管扩张，使患者终生成为肺部残废。
