Walters Nathan B, Egan Gary F, Kril Jillian J, Kean Michael, Waley Patricia, Jenkinson Mark, Watson John D G
Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Mar 4;100(5):2981-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0437896100. Epub 2003 Feb 24.
Understanding the relationship between the structural and functional organization of the human brain is one of the most important goals of neuroscience. Individual variability in brain structure means that it is essential to obtain this information from the same subject. To date, this has been almost impossible. Even though noninvasive functional imaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) are now commonplace, there is no complementary noninvasive structural technique. We present an in vivo method of examining the detailed neuroanatomy of any individual, which can then be correlated with that individual's own functional results. This method utilizes high-resolution structural MRI to identify distinct cortical regions based on cortical lamination structure. We demonstrate that the observed MR lamination patterns relate to myeloarchitecture through a correlation of histology with MRI. In vivo high-resolution MRI studies identify striate cortex, as well as visual area V5, in four individuals, as defined by using fMRI. The anatomical identification of a cortical area (V5MT) outside of striate cortex is a significant advance, proving it possible to identify extra-striate cortical areas and demonstrating that in vivo structural mapping of the human cerebral cortex is possible.
理解人类大脑的结构与功能组织之间的关系是神经科学最重要的目标之一。大脑结构的个体差异意味着从同一受试者获取此类信息至关重要。到目前为止，这几乎是不可能的。尽管诸如功能磁共振成像（fMRI）等非侵入性功能成像技术如今已很常见，但却没有与之互补的非侵入性结构技术。我们提出了一种在体方法，用于检查任何个体的详细神经解剖结构，然后可将其与该个体自身的功能结果相关联。该方法利用高分辨率结构磁共振成像，基于皮质分层结构识别不同的皮质区域。我们通过组织学与磁共振成像的相关性证明，观察到的磁共振分层模式与髓鞘结构相关。在体高分辨率磁共振成像研究在四名个体中识别出了纹状皮质以及视觉区域V5，这是通过使用功能磁共振成像来定义的。在纹状皮质之外对一个皮质区域（V5MT）进行解剖学识别是一项重大进展，证明了识别纹外皮质区域是可能的，并表明对人类大脑皮质进行在体结构映射是可行的。
