Bonnet M, Bradley M M, Lang P J, Requin J
Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.
Psychophysiology. 1995 Jul;32(4):367-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb01219.x.
The human startle reflex is reliably modulated by the affective valence of foreground pictures, with larger reflexes elicited when viewing unpleasant relative to pleasant scenes. If this modulation is due to priming of the defensive startle reflex by an aversive foreground, a different pattern should occur for a reflex that is not inherently defensive in nature. In the current study, affective modulation was investigated using the spinal tendinous (T) reflex, which is well documented as sensitive to differences in arousal and is involved in actions that are both appetitively defensively motivated. As such, T reflexes elicited during unpleasant pictures were not expected to be augmented relative to those elicited in the context of pleasant pictures. Results showed that T reflexes were facilitated during processing of arousing stimuli-either pleasant or unpleasant relative to low-arousal neutral materials. These effects of emotional stimuli on T-reflex amplitude are consistent with hypothesis that motivational priming underlies affective reflex modulation.
人类的惊吓反射会受到前景图片情感效价的可靠调节，观看不愉快场景时引发的反射比观看愉快场景时更大。如果这种调节是由于厌恶前景引发了防御性惊吓反射，那么对于本质上并非固有防御性的反射，应该会出现不同的模式。在当前的研究中，使用脊髓腱反射（T反射）来研究情感调节，该反射对唤醒差异敏感且参与了由食欲和防御动机驱动的行为，这一点已有充分记录。因此，相对于在愉快图片情境中引发的T反射，预计在不愉快图片期间引发的T反射不会增强。结果表明，相对于低唤醒的中性材料，在处理唤醒刺激（无论是愉快的还是不愉快的）期间，T反射得到了促进。情绪刺激对T反射幅度的这些影响与动机启动是情感反射调节基础的假设一致。
