Washington J A
Mayo Clin Proc. 1976 Apr;51(4):237-50.
The cephalosporins may currently be classified according to their relative susceptibility to beta-lactamases. Cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefatrizine, and cephanone are relatively resistant to the gram-negative beta-lactamases, whereas cephalothin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin are resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase. Although the inhibitory activity of cephalothin is representative of that of cephaloridine, cephalexin, cefazolin, cephapirin, cephacetrile, and cephradine, there are significant differences between its activity and that of cefoxitin, cefamandole, and cefatrizine, especially against Enterobacter, Serratia, indole-positive Proteeae, Bacteroides fragilis, and ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae.
目前，头孢菌素可根据其对β-内酰胺酶的相对敏感性进行分类。头孢西丁、头孢孟多、头孢曲嗪和头孢酮对革兰氏阴性β-内酰胺酶相对耐药，而头孢噻吩、头孢孟多和头孢西丁对葡萄球菌β-内酰胺酶耐药。虽然头孢噻吩的抑制活性代表了头孢噻啶、头孢氨苄、头孢唑林、头孢匹林、头孢乙腈和头孢拉定的抑制活性，但其活性与头孢西丁、头孢孟多和头孢曲嗪的活性存在显著差异，尤其是对肠杆菌属、沙雷菌属、吲哚阳性变形杆菌属、脆弱拟杆菌和耐氨苄西林的流感嗜血杆菌。
