Celi Francesco S, Shuldiner Alan R
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, 660 West Redwood Street, Room 494, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Curr Diab Rep. 2002 Apr;2(2):179-85. doi: 10.1007/s11892-002-0078-2.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor, which upon activation with various natural and synthetic ligands, stimulates the transcription of genes responsible for growth and differentiation of adipocytes. Furthermore, PPAR gamma is the receptor for the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones, which are commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Rare inactivating mutations of the gene encoding PPAR gamma are associated with insulin resistance type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, whereas a rare gain of function mutation causes extreme obesity. A common polymorphism (Pro12Ala) of the adipose tissue-specific gamma 2 isoform is associated with increased insulin sensitivity and decreased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. These findings indicate a central role of PPAR gamma in fat cell biology and in the pathophysiology of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）是一种核受体，在与各种天然和合成配体激活后，可刺激负责脂肪细胞生长和分化的基因转录。此外，PPARγ是胰岛素增敏噻唑烷二酮类药物的受体，这类药物常用于治疗2型糖尿病。编码PPARγ的基因罕见的失活突变与2型胰岛素抵抗性糖尿病和高血压有关，而一种罕见的功能获得性突变会导致极度肥胖。脂肪组织特异性γ2亚型的常见多态性（Pro12Ala）与胰岛素敏感性增加和患2型糖尿病风险降低有关。这些发现表明PPARγ在脂肪细胞生物学以及肥胖、糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗的病理生理学中起核心作用。
