Stenke A, Grewe V
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2003 Jan;50(2):177-90. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00599-4.
A comprehensive study of ozone mini-holes over the mid-latitudes of both hemispheres is presented, based on model simulations with the coupled climate-chemistry model ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM representing atmospheric conditions in 1960, 1980, 1990 and 2015. Ozone mini-holes are synoptic-scale regions of strongly reduced total ozone, directly associated with tropospheric weather systems. Mini-holes are supposed to have chemical and dynamical impacts on ozone levels. Since ozone levels over northern mid-latitudes show a negative trend of approximately -4%/decade and since it exists a negative correlation between total column ozone and erythemally active solar UV-radiation reaching the surface it is important to understand and assess the processes leading to the observed ozone decline. The simulated mini-hole events are validated with a mini-hole climatology based on daily ozone measurements with the TOMS (total ozone mapping spectrometer) instrument on the satellite Nimbus-7 between 1979 and 1993. Furthermore, possible trends in the event frequency and intensity over the simulation period are assessed. In the northern hemisphere the number of mini-hole events in early winter decreases between 1960 and 1990 and increases towards 2015. In the southern hemisphere a positive trend in mini-hole event frequency is detected between 1960 and 2015 in spring associated with the increasing Antarctic Ozone Hole. Finally, the impact of mini-holes on the stratospheric heterogeneous ozone chemistry is investigated. For this purpose, a computer-based detection routine for mini-holes was developed for the use in ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM. This method prevents polar stratospheric cloud formation and therefore heterogeneous ozone depletion inside mini-holes. Heterogeneous processes inside mini-holes amount to one third of heterogeneous ozone destruction in general over northern mid- and high-latitudes during winter (January-April) in the simulation.
本文基于耦合气候-化学模型ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM的模型模拟，对南北半球中纬度地区的臭氧微洞进行了全面研究，该模型代表了1960年、1980年、1990年和2015年的大气状况。臭氧微洞是总臭氧大幅减少的天气尺度区域，与对流层天气系统直接相关。微洞被认为对臭氧水平有化学和动力学影响。由于北半球中纬度地区的臭氧水平呈现出约-4%/十年的负趋势，并且总柱臭氧与到达地表的红斑活性太阳紫外线辐射之间存在负相关，因此了解和评估导致观测到的臭氧减少的过程非常重要。利用基于1979年至1993年期间卫星Nimbus-7上的TOMS（总臭氧绘图光谱仪）仪器的每日臭氧测量数据的微洞气候学，对模拟的微洞事件进行了验证。此外，还评估了模拟期内事件频率和强度的可能趋势。在北半球，初冬微洞事件的数量在1960年至1990年期间减少，到2015年有所增加。在南半球，1960年至2015年期间春季微洞事件频率呈正趋势，这与南极臭氧洞的扩大有关。最后，研究了微洞对平流层非均相臭氧化学的影响。为此，开发了一种基于计算机的微洞检测程序，用于ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM。该方法可防止极地平流层云的形成，从而防止微洞内的非均相臭氧消耗。在模拟中，冬季（1月至4月）北半球中高纬度地区微洞内的非均相过程通常占非均相臭氧破坏总量的三分之一。
