Lodovici M, Venturini M, Marini E, Grechi D, Dolara P
Department of Pharmacology, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2003 Jan;50(3):377-82. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00404-6.
Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] air levels were measured in Florence (Italy) in the period 1992-2001. For the period 1999-2000 seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (benzo(a)anthracene, crysene, benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), benzo(b)fluoranthene (B(b)F), benzo(k)fluoranthene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA) and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BGP)), were measured in the air in four different sites (one with heavy traffic (A), one in a park (B), one in a residential area (C) and one in a hill area (D)). B(a)P levels were elevated in 1992-1998 (maximum average value of winter months: 5.8 ng/ m3) but a decreasing trend was observed in the following years, probably due to improvement in vehicle emissions. The sum of PAH in the air in the period 1999-2000 was about one order of magnitude lower in the hill site (D) relative to the urban sites, and residential areas (B and C) had values 2.5-3 times lower compared to site A with a heavy traffic. PAH concentrations decreased in the warmer seasons of 2000 in all sites. A negative correlation was found between PAH levels and ozone. A positive correlation with carbon monoxide (CO) (r = 0.862, P < 0.001) and low B(a)P/BGP ratios, ranging from 0.44 to 0.51, indicated that vehicular traffic was the major PAH source in all monitored sites. Using B(a)P(TEF) values (toxic equivalency factors) for evaluating the biological activity of PAH, we found that the highest PAH contributors in terms of potential air carcinogenic activity were B(a)P and DBA. Therefore, in addition to B(a)P, DBA concentration should be considered in the evaluation of air quality in terms of PAH contamination.
1992年至2001年期间，对意大利佛罗伦萨的苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]空气水平进行了测量。在1999年至2000年期间，在四个不同地点（一个交通繁忙的地点(A)、一个公园内的地点(B)、一个居民区的地点(C)和一个山区的地点(D)）测量了七种多环芳烃(PAH)（苯并(a)蒽、 Chrysene、苯并(a)芘(B(a)P)、苯并(b)荧蒽(B(b)F)、苯并(k)荧蒽、二苯并(a,h)蒽(DBA)和苯并(g,h,i)苝(BGP)）。1992年至1998年期间，B(a)P水平升高（冬季月份的最大平均值：5.8 ng/m3），但在随后几年观察到下降趋势，这可能是由于车辆排放的改善。1999年至2000年期间，山区地点(D)空气中PAH的总和相对于城市地点低约一个数量级，居民区（B和C）的值比交通繁忙的地点A低2.5至3倍。2000年较温暖季节，所有地点的PAH浓度均下降。PAH水平与臭氧之间存在负相关。与一氧化碳(CO)呈正相关(r = 0.862, P < 0.001)，且B(a)P/BGP比值较低，范围为0.44至0.51，表明车辆交通是所有监测地点PAH的主要来源。使用B(a)P(TEF)值（毒性当量因子）评估PAH的生物活性，我们发现就潜在的空气致癌活性而言，PAH的最大贡献者是B(a)P和DBA。因此，除了B(a)P之外，在评估PAH污染方面的空气质量时，还应考虑DBA浓度。
