Lodovici M, Akpan V, Caldini S, Akanju B, Dolara P
Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Sep;45(9):1752-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.03.007. Epub 2007 Mar 19.
Tobacco consumption represents a major health hazard to humans and, despite anti-smoking campaigns, the number of smokers remains high; thus the reduction of toxic compounds from tobacco smoke may reduce the health hazards of smoking. In the last 25 years cigarette manufacturers have introduced a variety of filter designs to reduce toxic and carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke (normal filters, NF). However, large quantities of harmful constituents are inefficiently retained by commonly used cigarette filters. Following a patented method we modified commercial cigarette filters (modified filter, MF) by injecting a DNA solution into the filter tips; we then evaluated the reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in mainstream tobacco smoke of MF relative to NF. The PAH measured were: fluoranthene (FLUO), pyrene (PY), benzo(a)anthracene (B(a)A), chrysene (CRY), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), benzo(b)fluoranthene (B(b)F), benzo(k)fluoranthene (B(k)F), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BGP), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA). The levels of PAH in cigarette smoke after MF were significantly reduced (P<0.001) compared to NF, using a variety of cigarette brands in a smoking machine (44.5%+/-8.4 % and 41.8%+/-5% for total and carcinogenic PAH, respectively, means+/-SE). Using B(a)P(TEF) values the reduction in PAH concentrations were similar for all cigarette brands with the exception of Camel, where the reduction was lower considering B(a)P(TEF) values. Amongst carcinogenic PAH, B(a)A, B(b)F and B(k)F) were reduced by 50-58%, CRY, B(a)P and DBA by about 40%. In conclusion MF filters treated with DNA have the potential of decreasing the exposure to PAH in cigarette smoke. Since, unlike some previously proposed biological filters MF do not retain additional nicotine, the main addictive compound of tobacco smoke, these filters may not induce increased smoking to compensate for the reduction in the nicotine delivery to smokers.
烟草消费对人类健康构成重大危害，尽管开展了反吸烟运动，但吸烟者数量仍然居高不下；因此，减少烟草烟雾中的有毒化合物可能会降低吸烟对健康的危害。在过去25年里，香烟制造商推出了各种过滤嘴设计，以减少烟草烟雾中的有毒和致癌物质（普通过滤嘴，NF）。然而，常用的香烟过滤嘴对大量有害成分的截留效率不高。按照一项专利方法，我们通过将DNA溶液注入过滤嘴尖端对商用香烟过滤嘴进行了改良（改良过滤嘴，MF）；然后我们评估了MF主流烟草烟雾中多环芳烃（PAH）水平相对于NF的降低情况。所测量的PAH包括：荧蒽（FLUO）、芘（PY）、苯并(a)蒽（B(a)A）、屈（CRY）、苯并(a)芘（B(a)P）、苯并(b)荧蒽（B(b)F）、苯并(k)荧蒽（B(k)F）、苯并(g,h,i)苝（BGP）、二苯并(a,h)蒽（DBA）。在吸烟机中使用多种香烟品牌时，与NF相比，MF后香烟烟雾中的PAH水平显著降低（P<0.001）（总PAH和致癌PAH分别为44.5%±8.4%和41.8%±5%，均值±标准误）。使用苯并(a)芘（TEF）值时，除骆驼牌香烟外，所有香烟品牌的PAH浓度降低情况相似，考虑苯并(a)芘（TEF）值时骆驼牌香烟的降低幅度较小。在致癌PAH中，苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽和苯并(k)荧蒽降低了50 - 58%，屈、苯并(a)芘和二苯并(a,h)蒽降低了约40%。总之，用DNA处理的MF过滤嘴有降低香烟烟雾中PAH暴露的潜力。由于与一些先前提出的生物过滤嘴不同，MF不会截留烟草烟雾的主要成瘾成分——额外的尼古丁，这些过滤嘴可能不会促使吸烟者增加吸烟量以补偿向吸烟者输送的尼古丁减少。
