Bandura Albert, Locke Edwin A
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305-2130, USA.
J Appl Psychol. 2003 Feb;88(1):87-99. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.87.
The authors address the verification of the functional properties of self-efficacy beliefs and document how self-efficacy beliefs operate in concert with goal systems within a sociocognitive theory of self-regulation in contrast to the focus of control theory on discrepancy reduction. Social cognitive theory posits proactive discrepancy production by adoption of goal challenges working in concert with reactive discrepancy reduction in realizing them. Converging evidence from diverse methodological and analytic strategies verifies that perceived self-efficacy and personal goals enhance motivation and performance attainments. The large body of evidence, as evaluated by 9 meta-analyses for the effect sizes of self-efficacy beliefs and by the vast body of research on goal setting, contradicts findings (J. B. Vancouver, C. M. Thompson, & A. A. Williams, 2001; J. B. Vancouver, C. M. Thompson, E. C. Tischner, & D. J. Putka 2002) that belief in one's capabilities and personal goals is self-debilitating.
作者探讨了自我效能信念功能特性的验证，并阐述了在社会认知自我调节理论中，自我效能信念如何与目标系统协同运作，这与控制理论关注减少差异形成对比。社会认知理论假定，通过采用目标挑战来主动产生差异，同时在实现目标的过程中通过减少差异做出反应。来自不同方法和分析策略的汇聚证据证实，感知到的自我效能和个人目标会增强动机和绩效成就。由9项关于自我效能信念效应大小的元分析以及大量关于目标设定的研究所评估的大量证据，与以下研究结果（J.B.温哥华、C.M.汤普森和A.A.威廉姆斯，2001年；J.B.温哥华、C.M.汤普森、E.C.蒂施纳和D.J.普特卡，2002年）相矛盾，即相信自己的能力和个人目标会自我削弱。
