Yin Xiangju, Yu Yongli, Kang Yifan, Hu Dengyun, Wu Yibo
School of Emergency Management, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
Safety and Emergency Management Research Center, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jun 6;25(1):2118. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23281-3.
In disaster response, household disaster preparedness is pivotal to risk avoidance, self-rescue, and mutual aid capabilities. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the status and determinants of household disaster preparedness among Chinese residents.
The study was conducted through cluster sampling of residents across 22 provinces, 4 municipalities, and 5 autonomous regions in China. Statistical analysis and model construction were conducted on data collected from 9,966 respondents.
The findings revealed widespread inadequacies in the preparation of multiple types of household emergency supplies. Significant disparities in emergency supplies stockpiling were observed across groups stratified by gender, residence type, monthly household income per capita, educational attainment and employment status. Additionally, there were also certain differences between different regions. Further analysis through a sequential mediation model revealed that household disaster preparedness was closely associated with family members' personality traits, self-efficacy and perceived social support. Within the Big Five personality framework, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness significantly promoted household preparedness behaviors, whereas neuroticism negative correlation with preparedness levels. Self-efficacy and perceived social support were significant mediating factors in household disaster preparedness among residents with distinct personality traits, exhibiting varied mechanisms of influence.
This study provides scientific evidence and directional guidance for formulating comprehensive strategies to enhance household disaster preparedness levels among Chinese residents.
在灾害应对中，家庭灾害准备对于风险规避、自救和互助能力至关重要。本研究旨在全面分析中国居民家庭灾害准备的现状及其影响因素。
本研究通过对中国22个省、4个直辖市和5个自治区的居民进行整群抽样开展。对9966名受访者收集的数据进行了统计分析和模型构建。
研究结果显示，多种类型的家庭应急物资准备普遍不足。在按性别、居住类型、家庭人均月收入、教育程度和就业状况分层的群体中，应急物资储备存在显著差异。此外，不同地区之间也存在一定差异。通过序列中介模型进一步分析发现，家庭灾害准备与家庭成员的人格特质、自我效能感和感知到的社会支持密切相关。在大五人格框架内，外向性、尽责性和开放性显著促进家庭准备行为，而神经质与准备水平呈负相关。自我效能感和感知到的社会支持是具有不同人格特质居民家庭灾害准备的重要中介因素，其影响机制各不相同。
本研究为制定提高中国居民家庭灾害准备水平的综合策略提供了科学依据和方向指导。
