Johansen C A, Farrow R A, Morrisen A, Foley P, Bellis G, Van Den Hurk A F, Montgomery B, Mackenzie J S, Ritchie S A
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Mar;17(1):102-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2003.00413.x.
Circumstantial evidence has implicated wind-borne mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the introduction of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus into Australia from the New Guinea mainland. A study was initiated on Saibai Island in the northern Torres Strait, during January and February 2000, to identify the potential source of insects collected in aerial (kytoon) and surface-level traps. Wind speed and direction were recorded to determine wind profiles during insect sampling. Northerly winds capable of carrying insects from New Guinea to Saibai Island were only present on three out of 18 nights sampled. Only three male mosquitoes, comprising two Verrallina funerea (Theobald) and one Ochlerotatus vigilax (Skuse), were collected in aerial samples, and were most likely of local origin. Culicoides midges were also collected in aerial nets and included gravid/parous C. bundyensis Lee and Reye, and one parous C. histrio Johannsen. Highest densities of arthropods (up to 1562/million m3) were on 30 January 2000 when NW winds, sustained for six hours, probably introduced midges from the New Guinea mainland. Adult mosquitoes (including three female Ve. funerea and a single female Ficalbia) and Culicoides (including two gravid C. bundyensis and one parous C. cordiger Macfie) were also collected in 2 m high mast nets during northerly surface winds. Although the results do not provide evidence that wind-blown mosquitoes introduced JE from New Guinea into Australia, they do not preclude that strong N winds associated with low pressure systems SW of the Torres Strait could have done so. However, results suggest that Culicoides were more likely than mosquitoes to reach high altitude and travel long distances during the light N winds experienced during the study.
间接证据表明，随风传播的蚊子（双翅目：蚊科）将日本脑炎（JE）病毒从新几内亚大陆引入澳大利亚。2000年1月和2月，在托雷斯海峡北部的赛拜岛开展了一项研究，以确定从空中（风筝）诱捕器和地面诱捕器收集到的昆虫的潜在来源。记录风速和风向，以确定昆虫采样期间的风廓线。在18个采样夜晚中，只有3个夜晚出现了能够将昆虫从新几内亚带到赛拜岛的北风。在空中样本中仅采集到3只雄蚊，包括2只弗氏维蚊（Theobald）和1只警觉伊蚊（Skuse），很可能来自当地。蠓也在空中网中被采集到，包括孕卵/已产卵的邦氏库蠓（Lee和Reye）和1只已产卵的史氏库蠓（Johannsen）。2000年1月30日节肢动物密度最高（达1562/百万立方米），当时持续6小时的西北风可能从新几内亚大陆引入了蠓。在北风地面风期间，还在2米高的桅杆网中采集到成年蚊子（包括3只雌性弗氏维蚊和1只雌性费氏蚊）和蠓（包括2只孕卵的邦氏库蠓和1只已产卵的科氏库蠓（Macfie））。虽然结果没有提供证据表明随风传播的蚊子将日本脑炎从新几内亚引入澳大利亚，但也不排除托雷斯海峡西南部低压系统相关的强北风可能做到这一点。然而，结果表明，在研究期间经历的轻度北风期间，蠓比蚊子更有可能到达高空并远距离传播。
