Stallen Pieter Jan M.
Stallen and Smit, Gentiaanstraat 13, 6813 ES ARNHEM, The Netherlands.
Noise Health. 1999;1(3):69-80.
Noise annoyance is a phenomenon of 'mind and mood'. It is only partly determined by acoustic factors: typical noise metrics (LAeq and the like) allow only the prediction of aggregated annoyance scores (community levels) with moderate degree of precision. Many non-acoustic factors have been identified with varying degrees of association with annoyance. However, the proper identification and understanding of the role of non-acoustical factors can only be achieved on the basis of sound theories about rise and reduction of noise annoyance. This article discusses first the few systematic theories to understand the relative role of acoustic and non-acoustic factors. Then, it presents a theoretical perspective that places a major non-acoustic factor in the center: perceived control. It views noise annoyance as a form of psychological stress: disturbances may tax persons resources, and different people may use different ways of coping to deal with annoyance. The focus on perceived control also highlights that for residents exposed to environmental noise 'noise management at the source' often will be an equally important external stimulus to respond to as 'noise at the source'.
噪声烦恼是一种“心理和情绪”现象。它仅部分由声学因素决定：典型的噪声指标（如等效连续A声级等）仅能以中等精度预测总体烦恼得分（社区层面）。许多非声学因素已被确定与烦恼存在不同程度的关联。然而，只有基于关于噪声烦恼产生和减轻的合理理论，才能正确识别和理解非声学因素的作用。本文首先讨论了一些用于理解声学和非声学因素相对作用的系统理论。然后，提出了一种理论观点，将一个主要的非声学因素置于核心位置：感知控制。它将噪声烦恼视为一种心理压力形式：干扰可能消耗人的资源，不同的人可能会采用不同的应对方式来处理烦恼。对感知控制的关注还突出表明，对于暴露于环境噪声中的居民而言，“源头噪声管理”往往与“源头噪声”一样，是同等重要的需要应对的外部刺激。
