Jones A W, Andersson L
Department of Alcohol Toxicology, National Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry, Linköping 581 85, Sweden.
Forensic Sci Int. 2003 Mar 12;132(1):18-25. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00417-6.
Concentration-time profiles of ethanol were determined for venous whole blood and end-expired breath during a controlled drinking experiment in which healthy men (n=9) and women (n=9) drank 0.40-0.65 g ethanol per kg body weight in 20-30 min. Specimens of blood and breath were obtained for analysis of ethanol starting at 50-60 min post-dosing and then every 30-60 min for 3-6 h. This protocol furnished 130 blood-breath pairs for statistical evaluation. Blood-ethanol concentration (BAC, mg/g) was determined by headspace gas chromatography and breath-ethanol concentration (BrAC, mg/2l) was determined with a quantitative infrared analyzer (Intoxilyzer 5000S), which is the instrument currently used in Sweden for legal purposes. In 18 instances the Intoxilyzer 5000S gave readings of 0.00 mg/2l whereas the actual BAC was 0.08 mg/g on average (range 0.04-0.15 mg/g). The remaining 112 blood- and breath-alcohol measurements were highly correlated (r=0.97) and the regression relationship was BAC=0.10+0.91BrAC and the residual standard deviation (S.D.) was 0.042 mg/g (8.4%). The slope (0.91+/-0.0217) differed significantly from unity being 9% low and the intercept (0.10+/-0.0101) deviated from zero (t=10.2, P<0.001), indicating the presence of both proportional and constant bias, respectively. The mean bias (BAC - BrAC) was 0.068 mg/g and the 95% limits of agreement were -0.021 and 0.156 mg/g. The average BAC/BrAC ratio was 2448+/-540 (+/-S.D.) with a median of 2351 and 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 1836 and 4082. We found no significant gender-related differences in BAC/BrAC ratios, being 2553+/-576 for men and 2417+/-494 for women (t=1.34, P>0.05). The mean rate of ethanol disappearance from blood was 0.157+/-0.021 mg/(g per hour), which was very close to the elimination rate from breath of 0.161+/-0.021 mg/(2l per hour) (P>0.05). Breath-test results obtained with Intoxilyzer 5000S (mg/2l) were generally less than the coexisting concentrations of ethanol in venous blood (mg/g), which gives an advantage to the suspect who provides breath compared with blood in cases close to a threshold alcohol limit.
在一项对照饮酒实验中，对健康男性（n = 9）和女性（n = 9）在20 - 30分钟内每千克体重饮用0.40 - 0.65克乙醇的过程中，测定了静脉全血和终末呼气中的乙醇浓度 - 时间曲线。给药后50 - 60分钟开始采集血液和呼气样本用于乙醇分析，随后每30 - 60分钟采集一次，共持续3 - 6小时。该方案提供了130对血液 - 呼气样本用于统计评估。血液乙醇浓度（BAC，mg/g）通过顶空气相色谱法测定，呼气乙醇浓度（BrAC，mg/2l）用定量红外分析仪（Intoxilyzer 5000S）测定，这是瑞典目前用于法律目的的仪器。在18例中，Intoxilyzer 5000S的读数为0.00 mg/2l，而实际平均BAC为0.08 mg/g（范围0.04 - 0.15 mg/g）。其余112次血液和呼气酒精测量结果高度相关（r = 0.97），回归关系为BAC = 0.10 + 0.91BrAC，剩余标准差（S.D.）为0.042 mg/g（8.4%）。斜率（0.91 ± 0.0217）显著不同于1，低9%，截距（0.10 ± 0.0101）偏离零（t = 10.2，P < 0.001），分别表明存在比例偏差和恒定偏差。平均偏差（BAC - BrAC）为0.068 mg/g，95%一致性界限为 - 0.021和 + 0.156 mg/g。平均BAC/BrAC比值为2448 ± 540（±S.D.），中位数为2351，第2.5和97.5百分位数分别为1836和4082。我们发现BAC/BrAC比值在性别上无显著差异，男性为2553 ± 576，女性为2417 ± 494（t = 1.34，P > 0.05）。血液中乙醇消失的平均速率为0.157 ± 0.021 mg/（g每小时），这与呼气中的消除速率0.161 ± 0.021 mg/（2l每小时）非常接近（P > 0.05）。用Intoxilyzer 5000S获得的呼气测试结果（mg/2l）通常低于静脉血中同时存在的乙醇浓度（mg/g），这使得在接近酒精阈值限制的案件中，提供呼气样本的嫌疑人比提供血液样本更具优势。
