Herrera David, Roldán Silvia, Santacruz Isabel, Santos Sagrario, Masdevall Mireia, Sanz Mariano
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Apr;30(4):307-14. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00341.x.
To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of four commercial 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinses.
The in vitro antimicrobial activity test consisted in a modified contact test where 20 selected bacterial species were tested during 1 min with each test product. After the contact, the inoculum was cultured, and the results were expressed in terms of survival/resistance and the percentage of survival as compared to a saline control. The in vivo test consisted of a double-blind, randomized, crossover salivary bacterial counts study. 10 volunteers rinsed during 1 min with each tested product. Saliva samples were obtained before rinsing, and after 5 min, and 1, 3, 5 and 7 h. These samples were cultured both aerobically and anaerobically. Percentages of survival, in regard to baseline, were calculated for each time point. Comparisons among products were tested using anova and selected paired t-test.
The in vitro contact test showed no survival in any tested species with CHX+CPC, while three species (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus mitis and Peptostreptococcus micros) were resistant to the other three products. CHX and CHX+NaF demonstrated additional resistant species (three and four species, respectively). The in vivo salivary bacterial counts test showed higher reductions of CHX+CPC and CHX+ALC in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, lasting for 5 h. Significant differences were detected at multiple time points, when these two products were compared both with the control and the other tested products.
Important differences in activity, among 0.12% CHX products, were detected by both in vitro and in vivo tests. The formulation with alcohol was more active than those without alcohol, excepting the formulation with CHX+CPC, in which the reformulation and addition of CPC not only compensate but rather increase the antimicrobial activity.
评估四种市售0.12%氯己定漱口水的体外和体内抗菌活性。
体外抗菌活性测试采用改良接触试验，用每种测试产品对20种选定的细菌进行1分钟测试。接触后，对接种物进行培养，结果以存活/抗性以及与生理盐水对照相比的存活百分比表示。体内测试包括一项双盲、随机、交叉唾液细菌计数研究。10名志愿者用每种测试产品漱口1分钟。在漱口前、5分钟后以及1、3、5和7小时采集唾液样本。这些样本进行需氧和厌氧培养。计算每个时间点相对于基线的存活百分比。使用方差分析和选定的配对t检验对产品之间进行比较。
体外接触试验显示，CHX+CPC对任何测试菌种均无存活情况，而三种菌种（干酪乳杆菌、缓症链球菌和微小消化链球菌）对其他三种产品具有抗性。CHX和CHX+NaF显示出更多的抗性菌种（分别为三种和四种）。体内唾液细菌计数测试显示，CHX+CPC和CHX+ALC对需氧和厌氧细菌的减少作用更强，持续5小时。当将这两种产品与对照以及其他测试产品进行比较时，在多个时间点检测到显著差异。
体外和体内测试均检测到0.12%CHX产品之间存在重要的活性差异。含酒精的配方比不含酒精的配方活性更高，但CHX+CPC配方除外，其中重新配方和添加CPC不仅弥补了不足，反而增强了抗菌活性。
