Ainslie George, Monterosso John R
Department of Psychiatry, Coatesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Temple University, Pennsylvania 19320, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2003 Jan;79(1):37-48. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2003.79-37.
Impulsive choice can be defined as temporary preference for a smaller-sooner reward (SS) over a larger-later reward (LL). Hyperbolic discounting implies that impulsive choices will occur less when organisms choose between a series of SSs versus LLs all at once than when they choose between single SS versus LL pairs. Eight rats were exposed to two conditions of an intertemporal choice paradigm using sucrose solution as reward. In both conditions, the LL was 150 microl delayed by 3 s, while the SS was an immediate reward that ranged from 25-150 microl across sessions. Preference for the LL was greater when the chosen reward was automatically delivered three times in succession (bundled) than when it was chosen singly and delivered after each choice. For each of the 8 rats, the estimated SS amount that produced indifference was higher in the bundled condition than in the single condition. Because bundling in humans may be based on the perception that one's current choice is predictive of future choices, the data presented here may demonstrate an important building block of self-control.
冲动选择可被定义为相较于更大的延迟奖励（LL），对较小的即时奖励（SS）的临时偏好。双曲线贴现意味着，当生物体一次性在一系列即时奖励与延迟奖励之间进行选择时，冲动选择出现的频率要低于它们在单个即时奖励与延迟奖励对之间进行选择时的频率。八只大鼠被置于一种跨期选择范式的两种条件下，使用蔗糖溶液作为奖励。在这两种条件下，延迟奖励均为150微升，延迟3秒，而即时奖励是即时给予的奖励，在各实验环节中范围为25 - 150微升。当所选奖励连续自动给予三次（捆绑）时，对延迟奖励的偏好要大于单独选择并在每次选择后给予奖励时的偏好。对于8只大鼠中的每一只，在捆绑条件下产生无差异的即时奖励估计量都高于单独条件下的。由于人类中的捆绑可能基于这样一种认知，即一个人当前的选择能够预测未来的选择，此处呈现的数据可能证明了自我控制的一个重要组成部分。
