Castell Linda
Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, England.
Sports Med. 2003;33(5):323-45. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333050-00001.
In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.
在应激状态下，如临床创伤、饥饿或长时间剧烈运动时，血液中谷氨酰胺的浓度会降低，且常常是大幅降低。在耐力运动员中，这种降低与相对短暂的免疫抑制同时出现。谷氨酰胺被免疫系统的一些细胞用作燃料。在临床研究中，补充谷氨酰胺或谷氨酰胺前体，如支链氨基酸，已被证明对肠道功能、发病率和死亡率以及免疫细胞功能的某些方面有有益影响。它还被发现可降低耐力运动员自我报告的疾病发生率。到目前为止，尚无确凿证据表明在长时间剧烈运动后出现的短暂免疫抑制期间，谷氨酰胺喂养究竟会影响免疫系统的哪个方面。然而，越来越多的证据表明中性粒细胞可能与之有关。文中还讨论了谷氨酰胺和谷氨酰胺补充的其他方面。
