Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil.
Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04032-020, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 27;13(5):1478. doi: 10.3390/nu13051478.
(1) Purpose: Performing strenuous exercises negatively impacts the immune and gastrointestinal systems. These alterations cause transient immunodepression, increasing the risk of minor infections, especially in the upper respiratory tract. Recent studies have shown that supplementation of probiotics confers benefits to athletes. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to verify the effects of probiotic supplementation on cytokine production by monocytes and infections in the upper respiratory tract after an acute strenuous exercise. (2) Methods: Fourteen healthy male marathon runners received either 5 billion colony forming units (CFU) of a multi-strain probiotic, consisting of 1 billion CFU of each of LB-G80, LPc-G110, subp. LLL-G25, subp. BL-G101, and BB-G90, or a placebo for 30 days before a marathon. Plasma cytokines, salivary parameters, glucose, and glutamine were measured at baseline, 24 h before, immediately after, and 1 h after the race. Subjects self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21). The statistical analyses comprised the general linear model (GLM) test followed by the Tukey post hoc and Student's -test with < 0.05. (3) Results: URTI symptoms were significantly lower in the probiotic group compared to placebo. The IL-2 and IL-4 plasma cytokines were lower 24 h before exercise, while the other cytokines showed no significant differences. A lower level of IL-6 produced by monocytes was verified immediately after the race and higher IL-10 at 1 h post. No differences were observed in salivary parameters. Conclusion: Despite the low number of marathoners participating in the study, probiotic supplementation suggests its capability to preserve the functionality of monocytes and mitigate the incidence of URTI.
(1) 目的：剧烈运动对免疫系统和胃肠道系统有负面影响。这些改变导致短暂的免疫抑制，增加了轻微感染的风险，尤其是在上呼吸道。最近的研究表明，益生菌补充剂对运动员有益。因此，本研究的目的是验证益生菌补充对剧烈运动后单核细胞细胞因子产生和上呼吸道感染的影响。
(2) 方法：14 名健康的男性马拉松运动员在参加马拉松比赛前 30 天，分别服用 50 亿个菌落形成单位（CFU）的多菌株益生菌或安慰剂。益生菌由 LB-G80、LPc-G110、subp. LLL-G25、subp. BL-G101 和 BB-G90 各 10 亿 CFU 组成。在基线、比赛前 24 小时、比赛后即刻和 1 小时测量血浆细胞因子、唾液参数、葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺。受试者使用威斯康星州上呼吸道症状调查（WURSS-21）报告上呼吸道感染（URTI）。统计分析包括一般线性模型（GLM）检验，然后是 Tukey 事后检验和学生 t 检验， < 0.05。
(3) 结果：与安慰剂组相比，益生菌组 URTI 症状明显较低。运动前 24 小时，IL-2 和 IL-4 血浆细胞因子水平较低，而其他细胞因子无显著差异。运动后即刻检测到单核细胞产生的 IL-6 水平较低，1 小时后 IL-10 水平较高。唾液参数无差异。结论：尽管参加研究的马拉松运动员人数较少，但益生菌补充剂表明其能够维持单核细胞的功能，并减轻 URTI 的发生率。
