Song Qing-Hua, Xu Rong-Mei, Zhang Quan-Hai, Shen Guo-Qing, Ma Ming, Zhao Xin-Ping, Guo Yan-Hua, Wang Yi
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015 May;53(5):372-6. doi: 10.5414/CP202227.
Athletes with heavy training loads are prone to infectious illnesses, suggesting that their training may suppress immune function. This study sought to determine whether supplementation with the amino acid glutamine, which supports immune health, alters immune function in athletes during heavy load training. 24 athletes were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 12) or a control group (n = 12). Athletes exercised using heavy training loads for 6 weeks. Athletes in the experimental group took 10 g glutamine orally once a day beginning 3 weeks after initial testing, while athletes in the control group were given a placebo. Immune function was assessed by measuring the following immunity markers: CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell counts, serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels, and natural killer (NK) cell activity both before and after the completion of training. The percentages of circulating CD8⁺ T cells were significantly different before (39.13 ± 5.87%) and after (26.63 ± 3.95%) training in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Although CD8⁺ T cell percentages in the control group were similar before (38.57 ± 5.79%) and after (37.21 ± 5.58%) training, the post-training CD8⁺ T cell percentages were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). The ratios of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ cells in the experimental group were significantly different before (0.91 ± 0.14) and after (1.39 ± 0.19) training (p < 0.05). The CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios in the control group were similar before (0.93 Â ± 0.15) and after (0.83 ± 0.11) training, but the post-training CD4⁺T/CD8⁺ T cell ratio was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05). NK cell activity was also significantly different between the two groups after training (experimental, 25.21 ± 3.12 vs. control, 20.21 ± 2.59; p < 0.05). However, no differences were observed in serum IgA, IgG, or IgM levels. Thus, glutamine supplementation may be able to restore immune function and reduce the immunosuppressive effects of heavy-load training.
训练负荷大的运动员容易感染疾病，这表明他们的训练可能会抑制免疫功能。本研究旨在确定补充对免疫健康有益的氨基酸谷氨酰胺是否会改变大负荷训练期间运动员的免疫功能。24名运动员被随机分为实验组（n = 12）或对照组（n = 12）。运动员进行6周的大负荷训练。实验组的运动员在初次测试3周后开始每天口服10克谷氨酰胺，而对照组的运动员则服用安慰剂。通过测量以下免疫标志物来评估免疫功能：训练前后的CD4⁺和CD8⁺T细胞计数、血清IgA、IgG和IgM水平以及自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性。实验组训练前（39.13±5.87%）和训练后（26.63±3.95%）循环CD8⁺T细胞的百分比有显著差异（p<0.05）。虽然对照组训练前（38.57±5.79%）和训练后（37.21±5.58%）的CD8⁺T细胞百分比相似，但两组训练后的CD8⁺T细胞百分比有显著差异（p<0.05）。实验组训练前（0.91±0.14）和训练后（1.39±0.19）的CD4⁺/CD8⁺细胞比值有显著差异（p<0.05）。对照组训练前（0.93±0.15）和训练后（0.83±0.11）的CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值相似，但实验组训练后的CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T细胞比值高于对照组（p<0.05）。训练后两组的NK细胞活性也有显著差异（实验组，25.21±3.12对对照组，20.21±2.59；p<0.05）。然而，血清IgA、IgG或IgM水平未观察到差异。因此，补充谷氨酰胺可能能够恢复免疫功能并减轻大负荷训练的免疫抑制作用。
