Olin Patrick, Gustafsson Lennart, Barreto Luis, Hessel Luc, Mast T Christopher, Rie Annelies Van, Bogaerts Hugues, Storsaeter Jann
Smittskyddsinstitutet, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE 17182 Solna, Sweden.
Vaccine. 2003 May 16;21(17-18):2015-21. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00777-6.
Acellular pertussis vaccines were introduced nation-wide in Sweden in 1996, 17 years after the withdrawal of whole-cell pertussis vaccine from the childhood immunisation schedule. We report national data on age specific incidence of culture-confirmed Bordetella pertussis for 1986-2000, and clinical follow-up for 3 years (October 1997-September 2000) in children born in 1996-2000 and from children born in 1993-1994 who had participated in a trial of pertussis vaccines. The annual incidence of culture-confirmed B. pertussis was 89-150 per 100,000 before introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines and has dropped to 17-26 per 100,000. The data suggest that unimmunised infants and children who have received only one dose of pertussis vaccine were provided some protection. The decline is most obvious from the second dose onwards and remained stable for 4-5 years after the third dose in the absence of any booster dose. The first signs of waning immunity were observed at 6-7 years of age in the trial cohort. The short-term benefits reflect high vaccination coverage and high initial efficacy. The full impact of the acellular pertussis vaccination programme in infants remains to be established.
1996年，无细胞百日咳疫苗在瑞典全国范围内推广，此时全细胞百日咳疫苗已从儿童免疫计划中撤出17年。我们报告了1986 - 2000年确诊的百日咳博德特氏菌按年龄划分的全国发病率数据，以及对1996 - 2000年出生的儿童和1993 - 1994年出生且参与过百日咳疫苗试验的儿童进行的为期3年（1997年10月至2000年9月）的临床随访数据。在引入无细胞百日咳疫苗之前，确诊的百日咳博德特氏菌年发病率为每10万人89 - 150例，现已降至每10万人17 - 26例。数据表明，未免疫的婴儿和仅接种过一剂百日咳疫苗的儿童获得了一定程度的保护。这种下降从第二剂接种后最为明显，在没有任何加强剂的情况下，第三剂接种后4 - 5年保持稳定。在试验队列中，6 - 7岁时观察到免疫力开始减弱的最初迹象。短期效益反映了高疫苗接种覆盖率和高初始效力。无细胞百日咳疫苗接种计划对婴儿的全面影响仍有待确定。
