Caribé-Gomes Fabiana, Chimenos-Küstner Eduardo, López-López Jose, Finestres-Zubeldia Fernando, Guix-Melcior Benjamín
Medicina Bucal, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.
Med Oral. 2003 May-Jul;8(3):178-87.
The most common malignancy of the oral cavity is epidermoid or squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for approximately 5% of all neoplasms. Unfortunately, the great majority of these tumors are diagnosed in stages which require surgery with radio- and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy constitutes an important option in the treatment of oral tumors, and can be applied either alone or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. The latter has no precisely defined role in the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas, and is usually used as a coadjuvant therapy or for palliative purposes. Since these treatments affect not only the malignant cells but also the healthy tissues of the patient, side effects usually develop during and after treatment, in the form of oral lesions and systemic alterations. Examples include mucositis, xerostomia, immune suppression, and viral and fungal infections, among other problems. The present study offers a management protocol for the oncological patient before, during and after radio- and chemotherapy. In addition, emphasis is placed on the important role of the dental professional in the prevention and treatment of the main oral complications, proposing dental management guidelines which are applicable in the general clinical context.
口腔最常见的恶性肿瘤是表皮样癌或鳞状细胞癌，约占所有肿瘤的5%。不幸的是，这些肿瘤绝大多数在诊断时就已处于需要手术联合放疗和化疗的阶段。放射治疗是口腔肿瘤治疗的重要选择，可单独应用或与手术及化疗联合应用。化疗在鳞状细胞癌的治疗中没有确切定义的作用，通常用作辅助治疗或用于姑息治疗。由于这些治疗不仅会影响恶性细胞，还会影响患者的健康组织，因此在治疗期间和治疗后通常会出现副作用，表现为口腔病变和全身改变。例如包括口腔黏膜炎、口干症、免疫抑制以及病毒和真菌感染等其他问题。本研究提供了一份针对肿瘤患者在放疗和化疗前、中、后的管理方案。此外，强调了牙科专业人员在预防和治疗主要口腔并发症方面的重要作用，提出了适用于一般临床情况的牙科管理指南。
