Evaluation of an experimental midwife-led unit in Scotland.

This paper reports on the outcome of pregnancy among 3322 low-risk women managed in an 'experimental midwife-led unit' at Forth Park Hospital, Kirkcaldy, Scotland. All women were allocated to receive midwife-led antenatal and intrapartum care. Of the 3322 women, 1786 were nulliparous and 1536 were parous. Of the 1786 nulliparous women, 532 (30%) were transferred to consultant care antepartum, 488 (27%) were transferred intrapartum and the remaining 766 (43%) were delivered in the midwife-led unit (MLU). Of the 1536 multiparous women, 343 (22%) were transferred to consultant care antepartum, 158 (10%) were transferred intrapartum and the remaining 1035 (68%) were delivered in the MLU. Among the intrapartum transfer group, 14% delivered during the first hour after the decision to transfer and another 14% gave birth during the second hour (28% between 0-2 hours). More than half of the women transferred during the second stage delivered within the first hour. Of the 2447 admitted to the MLU, 32% were seen by obstetric team on more than one occasion. Of the 1801 babies delivered in the MLU, 9% required resuscitation and 2% of all the babies were admitted to the special care baby unit. This study suggests that present antenatal criteria are unable to determine who will remain at low risk throughout pregnancy and labour, especially among nulliparous women. The clinical situation could change adversely during labour, requiring the involvement of medical staff. Commissioners of maternity services may wish to utilise these data to formulate local protocols for stand-alone midwife-led units.