Gamberini L, Cottone P, Spagnolli A, Varotto D, Mantovani G
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
Ergonomics. 2003 Jun 20;46(8):842-58. doi: 10.1080/0014013031000111266.
This paper presents an experimental study of participants' response to the sudden appearance of a fire emergency in a virtual environment (VE) and of the adaptivity of their response pattern. A VE has been built in which participants meet two situations: first an explorative navigation and afterwards a hurried escape from the unexpected outbreak of fire. Fire intensity and participants' distance from the exit at the outbreak of fire have been varied as well, to create different degrees of danger and different degrees of difficulty in the task of leaving the premises. Participants' action has been collected automatically for quantitative analysis by registering each individual activation of the interaction devices (a triple button joystick). In addition, the movements in both virtual and real environment of additional groups of participants have been videorecorded for qualitative analysis. Results show that the appearance of the fire emergency triggers important changes in the way people move in the VE, and that such changes are all adaptive responses to an emergency situation. In conclusion, people show recognition of a dangerous situation in a VE and readily produce adaptive responses, making the VE suitable for emergency simulations and for use as an effective training tool.
本文介绍了一项关于参与者在虚拟环境（VE）中对突发火灾紧急情况的反应以及其反应模式适应性的实验研究。构建了一个虚拟环境，参与者在其中会遇到两种情况：首先是探索性导航，然后是从意外发生的火灾中匆忙逃生。火灾强度以及火灾发生时参与者与出口的距离也有所变化，以在离开场所的任务中创造不同程度的危险和不同程度的难度。通过记录交互设备（一个三按钮操纵杆）的每次单独激活，自动收集参与者的行动以进行定量分析。此外，还对其他几组参与者在虚拟和现实环境中的动作进行了视频记录，以进行定性分析。结果表明，火灾紧急情况的出现引发了人们在虚拟环境中移动方式的重要变化，并且这些变化都是对紧急情况的适应性反应。总之，人们在虚拟环境中能够识别危险情况并 readily 产生适应性反应，这使得虚拟环境适用于紧急情况模拟并用作有效的训练工具。 （注：原文中“readily”未准确翻译出，可根据语境灵活调整，比如“迅速地”等 ）
