School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 28;18(19):10203. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910203.
Studying an individual's emergency escape capability and its influencing factors is of great practical significance for evacuation and escape in subway emergencies. Taking Zhengzhou Zijing Mountain Subway station as the prototype, and using VR technology, a virtual subway fire escape scene was built. Combined with the total escape time, the total contact time with fire, and the total contact time with smoke, it proposed a calculation formula on emergency escape capability. A total of 34 participants with equal gender distribution were recruited to carry out the virtual subway fire escape experiment, and participants' physiological data (heart rate variability, skin conductance) were real-time recorded by ErgoLAB V3.0 throughout the whole experiment. The emergency escape capability of each participant was evaluated quantitatively, and the related influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that for the age ranges (19-22 years old) in the experiment, the emergency escape capability of women is significantly lower than that of men ( < 0.05); although there is no significance in emergency escape capability in DISC personality types ( > 0.05), the mean emergency escape capability of people with influence personality type is the worst, and that of people with compliance type is the best; during virtual fire escape vs. baseline, Mean_SC and Mean_HR both increased very significantly (all < 0.01), and participants were under stress during their virtual fire escape. There is a significant negative correlation between emergency escape capability and LF_increase_rate ( < 0.05), and a remarkably significant negative correlation between emergency escape capability and LF/HF_increase_rate ( < 0.01); the greater the increase rate of LF or LF/HF, the smaller the emergency escape capability, with excessive stress probably not being conducive to emergency escape. There is a very significant negative correlation between an individual's emergency escape capability and the degree of familiarity with the Zijing Mountain subway station ( < 0.01). The findings provide references and suggestions on the emergency management and emergency evacuation for government and subway departments.
研究个体的紧急逃生能力及其影响因素，对于地铁突发事件中的人员疏散和逃生具有重要的现实意义。以郑州紫荆山地铁站为原型，利用 VR 技术构建了一个虚拟的地铁火灾逃生场景。结合总逃生时间、总接触火灾时间和总接触烟雾时间，提出了一种紧急逃生能力的计算公式。共招募了 34 名性别比例均等的参与者进行虚拟地铁火灾逃生实验，参与者的生理数据（心率变异性、皮肤电导率）在整个实验过程中由 ErgoLAB V3.0 实时记录。对每个参与者的紧急逃生能力进行了定量评估，并分析了相关影响因素。结果表明，对于实验中年龄在（19-22 岁）范围内的个体，女性的紧急逃生能力明显低于男性（ < 0.05）；尽管在 DISC 人格类型中，紧急逃生能力没有显著性差异（ > 0.05），但具有影响型人格类型的人的平均紧急逃生能力最差，而具有服从型人格类型的人的平均紧急逃生能力最好；在虚拟火灾逃生与基线相比，Mean_SC 和 Mean_HR 均显著增加（均 < 0.01），参与者在虚拟火灾逃生过程中处于压力之下。紧急逃生能力与 LF_increase_rate 呈显著负相关（ < 0.05），与 LF/HF_increase_rate 呈显著负相关（ < 0.01）；LF 或 LF/HF 的增加率越大，紧急逃生能力越小，过度的压力可能不利于紧急逃生。个体的紧急逃生能力与对紫荆山地铁站的熟悉程度呈非常显著的负相关（ < 0.01）。研究结果为政府和地铁部门的应急管理和应急疏散提供了参考和建议。
