Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, ETSII, National Distance Education University (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Graphic Expression in Engineering, Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Processes Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Jun 26;20(12):3607. doi: 10.3390/s20123607.
Human behavior in an emergency situation is the starting point for all evacuation planning projects. A better understanding of the decisions made by the occupants during an emergency can help to develop calculation tools that can create more efficient forms of visual and audio communication and implement better procedures for evacuating people. The difficulty in studying human behavior lies in the very nature of emergencies, as they are unpredictable, somewhat exceptional and not reproducible. Fire drills play a role in training emergency teams and building occupants, but they cannot be used to collect real data on people's behavior unless the drill is so realistic that it could endanger the occupants' safety. In the procedure described here, through the use of a Virtual Reality device that encompasses all critical phases, including user characterization data before the virtual experience, building design parameters and fire scenario, key variables of human behavior can be recorded in order to evaluate each user's experience satisfactorily. This research shows that the average delay in starting an evacuation is greater than one minute, that anxiety levels and heart rates increase during a fire and that people do not pay attention to evacuation signals. Further analysis of the quantitative data may also provide the causes for decision-making. The use of devices that create realistic virtual environments is a solution for conducting "what if" tests to study and record the decisions taken by the users who undergo the experience in a way that is completely safe for them.
在紧急情况下，人的行为是所有疏散规划项目的起点。更好地了解人员在紧急情况下所做的决策，可以帮助开发计算工具，从而创造更有效的视觉和音频通信形式，并实施更好的人员疏散程序。研究人的行为之所以存在困难，是因为紧急情况的本质就是不可预测、有些特殊且无法重现。火灾演习在培训应急小组和建筑物居住者方面发挥了作用，但除非演习非常逼真，以至于危及居住者的安全，否则它们不能用于收集人员行为的真实数据。在本文所描述的程序中，通过使用一个包含所有关键阶段的虚拟现实设备，包括虚拟体验前的用户特征数据、建筑物设计参数和火灾场景，可以记录人的行为的关键变量，以便对每个用户的体验进行满意的评估。这项研究表明，开始疏散的平均延迟时间超过一分钟，火灾期间焦虑水平和心率会升高，而且人们不会注意到疏散信号。对定量数据的进一步分析也可能提供决策的原因。使用创建逼真虚拟环境的设备是进行“假设”测试的一种解决方案，可用于研究和记录经历体验的用户做出的决策，而对他们来说是完全安全的。
