Hintzman Douglas L
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2003 Mar;10(1):3-14. doi: 10.3758/bf03196465.
In 1682 the scientist and inventor Robert Hooke read a lecture to the Royal Society of London, in which he described a mechanistic model of human memory. Yet few psychologists today seem to have heard of Hooke's memory model. The lecture addressed questions of encoding, memory capacity, repetition, retrieval, and forgetting--some of these in a surprisingly modern way. Hooke's model shares several characteristics with the theory of Richard Semon, which came more than 200 years later, but it is more complete. Among the model's interesting properties are that (1) it allows for attention and other top-down influences on encoding; (2) it uses resonance to implement parallel, cue-dependent retrieval; (3) it explains memory for recency; (4) it offers a single-system account of repetition priming; and (5) the power law of forgetting can be derived from the model's assumptions in a straightforward way.
1682年，科学家兼发明家罗伯特·胡克向伦敦皇家学会发表了一场演讲，他在演讲中描述了一种人类记忆的机械模型。然而如今似乎很少有心理学家听说过胡克的记忆模型。这场演讲探讨了编码、记忆容量、重复、检索和遗忘等问题，其中一些探讨方式令人惊讶地具有现代性。胡克的模型与200多年后出现的理查德·西蒙的理论有几个共同特征，但它更为完整。该模型有趣的特性包括：（1）它考虑了注意力以及其他自上而下对编码的影响；（2）它利用共振来实现并行的、线索依赖的检索；（3）它解释了近因记忆；（4）它对重复启动给出了单系统解释；（5）遗忘的幂律可以直接从该模型的假设中推导出来。
