Walters Glenn D., Contri Douglas
Federal Correctional Institution-Schuylkill.
J Gambl Stud. 1998 Summer;14(2):173-191. doi: 10.1023/a:1023098825964.
Outcome expectancies for gambling were explored in a group of 316 male medium security federal inmates with the multidimensional scaling statistical technique. Sixty-six possible outcomes for gambling were reduced to 16 after a factor analysis determined that 75% of the total variance was accounted for by the first 16 factors (eigenvalues > 0.75). The highest loading item for each factor was utilized in all subsequent analyses. Multidimensional scaling of these 16 items revealed the presence of two primary dimensions (positive-negative and arousing-sedating), corroborating previous research on alcohol outcome expectancies (Rather et al., 1992) and general affective response (Russell, 1980). Significant group (non-gambling, non-problem gambling, possible problem gambling, probable pathological gambling) differences were observed on 12 of the 16 items and on 3 of 4 composite scales (positive expectancies, negative expectancies, arousing expectancies, sedating expectancies).
运用多维尺度统计技术，对316名中等安全级别的男性联邦囚犯进行了赌博结果预期的研究。在一项因素分析确定前16个因素（特征值>0.75）解释了总方差的75%之后，66种可能的赌博结果被缩减至16种。在所有后续分析中均采用了每个因素中载荷最高的项目。对这16个项目的多维尺度分析揭示了两个主要维度（积极-消极和刺激-镇静）的存在，这证实了先前关于酒精结果预期（拉瑟等人，1992年）和一般情感反应（拉塞尔，1980年）的研究。在16个项目中的12个以及4个复合量表（积极预期、消极预期、刺激预期、镇静预期）中的3个上观察到了显著的组间差异（非赌博、非问题赌博、可能问题赌博、可能病态赌博）。
