Híjar Martha, Vazquez-Vela Eduardo, Arreola-Risa Carlos
National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655 Col Sta Ma. Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico.
Inj Control Saf Promot. 2003 Mar-Jun;10(1-2):37-43. doi: 10.1076/icsp.10.1.37.14108.
Road traffic injuries in general and pedestrian injuries in particular are a major public health problem in Mexico, especially in large urban areas. Analysis of mortality and road crashes at the national level was done using routine data recorded on death certificates. Fatality rates for different age groups were estimated by region for the year 2000. These data were supplemented by a cross-sectional study of pedestrian injuries in Mexico City based on death certificates information for pedestrians who lived and died in Mexico City between 1994 and 1997. Participant observation of physical spaces where crashes occurred was carried out. The spaces were filmed and in-depth interviews of survivors conducted. Road traffic crashes were responsible for approximately 17,500 deaths in Mexico during 2000. The mean age of the victims was 37 years. Mexico lost an average of 30 years of productive life for each individual who died in a traffic crash--525,000 years in 2000. An estimated 9500 (54.3%) of all fatalities were pedestrians, and for every pedestrian death there were 13 others who sustained nonfatal injuries requiring medical care. The overall crude mortality rate for pedestrian injuries in Mexico City was 7.14 per 100,000 (CI 6.85-7.42). A concentration of deaths was observed in 10 neighborhoods at specific types of street environments. The underlying factors included dangerous crossings and the absence or inadequacy of pedestrian bridges, as well as negative perceptions of road safety by pedestrians. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of elucidating the underlying contextual determinants of pedestrian injuries.
总体而言，道路交通事故，尤其是行人交通事故，是墨西哥的一个重大公共卫生问题，在大城市地区尤为突出。利用死亡证明上记录的常规数据对全国层面的死亡率和道路交通事故进行了分析。按地区估算了2000年不同年龄组的死亡率。这些数据通过一项基于1994年至1997年期间在墨西哥城居住和死亡的行人死亡证明信息的墨西哥城行人受伤横断面研究得到补充。对事故发生的物理空间进行了参与式观察。对这些空间进行了拍摄，并对幸存者进行了深入访谈。2000年，道路交通事故在墨西哥造成了约17500人死亡。受害者的平均年龄为37岁。墨西哥每一名在交通事故中死亡的人平均损失30年的生产寿命——2000年共计损失52.5万年。估计所有死亡者中有9500人（54.3%）为行人，每有一名行人死亡，就有另外13人受非致命伤需要医疗救治。墨西哥城行人受伤的总体粗死亡率为每10万人7.14例（置信区间6.85 - 7.42）。在特定类型街道环境的10个社区观察到了死亡集中情况。潜在因素包括危险的十字路口、人行天桥的缺失或不足，以及行人对道路安全的负面认知。总之，本研究证明了阐明行人受伤潜在背景决定因素的重要性。
