Odero Wilson, Khayesi Meleckidzedeck, Heda P M
Department of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
Inj Control Saf Promot. 2003 Mar-Jun;10(1-2):53-61. doi: 10.1076/icsp.10.1.53.14103.
Road traffic crashes exert a huge burden on Kenya's economy and health care services. Current interventions are sporadic, uncoordinated and ineffective. This report offers a descriptive analysis of secondary data obtained from a variety of published literature and unpublished reports. Over three thousand people are killed annually on Kenyan roads. A four-fold increase in road fatalities has been experienced over the last 30 years. More than 75% of road traffic casualties are economically productive young adults. Pedestrians and passengers are the most vulnerable; they account for 80% of the deaths. Buses and matatus are the vehicles most frequently involved in fatal crashes. Characteristics of crashes vary considerably between urban and rural settings: pedestrians are more likely to be killed in urban areas, whereas passengers are the majority killed on intercity highways that transverse rural settings. Road safety interventions have not made any measurable impact in reducing the numbers, rates and consequences of road crashes. Despite the marked increase in road crashes in Kenya, little effort has been made to develop and implement effective interventions. Impediments to road traffic injury prevention and control include ineffective coordination, inadequate resources and qualified personnel, and limited capacity to implement and monitor interventions. There is need to improve the collection and availability of accurate data to help in recognising traffic injury as a priority public health problem, raising awareness of policymakers on existing effective countermeasures and mobilizing resources for implementation. Establishment of an effective lead agency and development of stakeholder coalitions to address the problem are desirable.
道路交通事故给肯尼亚的经济和医疗服务带来了巨大负担。当前的干预措施零散、缺乏协调且效果不佳。本报告对从各种已发表文献和未发表报告中获取的二手数据进行了描述性分析。肯尼亚每年有三千多人死于道路交通事故。在过去30年里，道路交通事故死亡人数增长了四倍。超过75%的道路交通伤亡者是具有经济生产力的年轻人。行人和乘客最为脆弱，他们占死亡人数的80%。巴士和小型公共汽车是最常卷入致命事故的车辆。城市和农村地区的事故特征差异很大：行人在城市地区更易死亡，而乘客则是在横穿农村地区的城际高速公路上死亡的主体。道路安全干预措施在减少道路交通事故的数量、发生率和后果方面并未产生任何可衡量的影响。尽管肯尼亚的道路交通事故显著增加，但在制定和实施有效干预措施方面所做的努力却很少。道路交通伤害预防和控制的障碍包括协调不力、资源和合格人员不足，以及实施和监测干预措施的能力有限。有必要改善准确数据的收集和可得性，以帮助将交通伤害视为优先的公共卫生问题，提高政策制定者对现有有效对策的认识，并调动资源用于实施。设立一个有效的牵头机构并发展利益相关者联盟来解决这一问题是可取的。
