Pak William L, Leung Hung-Tat
Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Recept Channels. 2003;9(3):149-67.
Because almost everything we know about Drosophila phototransduction has come from studies based on genetic approaches, this review begins with a discussion of genetic approaches. We then present a brief overview of Drosophila phototransduction (section on Drosophila phototransduction: an overview) followed by a more detailed treatment of individual components of the transduction machinery (section on Components of the phototransduction machinery). Discussion of transduction mechanisms is presented under three headings: Mechanism(s) of channel excitation, Organization of the transduction proteins, and Regulatory mechanisms in phototransduction. Perhaps the most important unanswered question in this field is the mechanism(s) of activation and regulation of transduction channels. This question is explored in the section entitled Mechanism(s) of channel excitation. Identification of at least two of the proteins discussed was totally unexpected: the rhodopsin chaperone protein, ninaA, and the signal complex scaffold protein, INAD. They are discussed in the sections titled Requirement for a chaperone protein for Rh1 opsin, and: Formation of signaling complexes, respectively. One of the important developments in this field has been the discovery of mammalian homologs of many of the proteins identified in Drosophila. A brief discussion of the most extensively studied of these, the mammalian homologs of light-activated channel protein, trp, is presented in the section on Mammalian Homologs of trp. We conclude the review with Perspective, a brief look at the current status and the future outlook of the field.
由于我们对果蝇光转导的几乎所有了解都来自基于遗传学方法的研究，因此本综述首先讨论遗传学方法。然后，我们简要概述果蝇光转导（果蝇光转导概述部分），接着更详细地探讨转导机制的各个组成部分（光转导机制的组成部分部分）。转导机制的讨论分为三个标题：通道激发机制、转导蛋白的组织以及光转导中的调节机制。也许该领域最重要的未解决问题是转导通道的激活和调节机制。这个问题在标题为通道激发机制的部分中进行了探讨。所讨论的蛋白质中至少有两种的鉴定完全出乎意料：视紫红质伴侣蛋白ninaA和信号复合体支架蛋白INAD。它们分别在标题为Rh1视蛋白对伴侣蛋白的需求和信号复合体的形成的部分中进行讨论。该领域的重要进展之一是发现了果蝇中鉴定出的许多蛋白质的哺乳动物同源物。在关于trp的哺乳动物同源物的部分中，简要讨论了其中研究最广泛的，光激活通道蛋白trp的哺乳动物同源物。我们以展望结束本综述，简要介绍该领域的当前状况和未来前景。
