Heuer Herbert, Manzey Dietrich, Lorenz Bernd, Sangals Jörg
Institut fur Arbeitphysiologie an der Universitat Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
Ergonomics. 2003 Jul 15;46(9):920-34. doi: 10.1080/0014013031000107559.
In contrast to performance in cognitive tasks, tracking performance tends to deteriorate fairly consistently during spaceflight. We address the question whether this decrement results from specific effects of microgravity on motor control or from non-specific effects of the various other stressors present. In a case study we generalize the findings obtained with aiming movements, performed by the same cosmonaut with the same effectors as used for an unstable tracking task, to obtain hypotheses for specific changes of parameters of a simple model used to analyse tracking performance. Consistent with these hypotheses, we observed a reduction of limb stiffness in-flight, but a reduction of the tracking gain post-flight. The cross-task consistency of the observed changes does strongly suggest that the tracking impairment is at least partly caused by specific effects of microgravity on motor control, in particular by a mis-calibration of muscular forces which likely results from an underestimation of masses due to weightlessness.
与认知任务的表现不同，在太空飞行期间，跟踪性能往往会持续恶化。我们探讨了这一下降是由微重力对运动控制的特定影响导致，还是由存在的各种其他应激源的非特定影响导致的问题。在一个案例研究中，我们将一名宇航员在不稳定跟踪任务中使用相同效应器进行瞄准运动所获得的结果进行推广，以获得用于分析跟踪性能的简单模型参数的特定变化的假设。与这些假设一致，我们观察到飞行中肢体刚度降低，但飞行后跟踪增益降低。观察到的变化的跨任务一致性强烈表明，跟踪损伤至少部分是由微重力对运动控制的特定影响引起的，特别是由于失重导致质量估计不足而可能导致的肌肉力量校准错误。
