Tung K S
Clin Exp Immunol. 1976 May;24(2):292-9.
Acrosome of human sperm possesses two distinct antigens that are immunogenic, and will elicit autoantibodies that are detectable by immunofluorescence (IF). The first antigen, Acl, diffuse in distribution, is probably glycoprotein in nature since it is removed by trypsin and periodate. It is readily removed from cells after incubation in acid buffer or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), stable at 60 degrees C and not affected by trypsin inhibitor. The second antigen, Ac2, discrete in distribution, is resistant to trypsin treatment. It remains stable after incubation in acid buffer or PBS, is unstable at 60 degrees C and becomes more diffuse in distribution when incubated in acid buffer or trypsin inhibitor. The use of spermatozoa pretreated with acid buffer permits detection of anti-Ac2 antibody that coexists with anti-Ac1 antibody in the same serum sample. Both Ac1 and Ac2 antigens are demonstrable in spermatozoa from the ejaculate, epididymis and the testis; in spermatids and spermatocytes. Ac1 antigen appears to show extensive cross-reaction with micro-organisms and with antigen(s) of human adrenal gland; and anti-Ac1 antibody is found frequently in the serum of men before vasectomy. In contrast, Ac2 antigen does not show cross-reaction with micro-organisms or tissue antigens tested; and its antibody is found mainly in the male and primarily after vasectomy. Thus, anti-Ac2 antibody may be more indicative of an immune response to sperm, and should be sought in diseases related to sperm immunity.
人类精子的顶体具有两种不同的免疫原性抗原，可引发自身抗体，这些抗体可通过免疫荧光法（IF）检测到。第一种抗原Acl，分布弥散，本质上可能是糖蛋白，因为它可被胰蛋白酶和高碘酸盐去除。在酸性缓冲液或磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）中孵育后，它很容易从细胞中去除，在60摄氏度时稳定，不受胰蛋白酶抑制剂影响。第二种抗原Ac2，分布离散，对胰蛋白酶处理有抗性。在酸性缓冲液或PBS中孵育后它仍保持稳定，在60摄氏度时不稳定，在酸性缓冲液或胰蛋白酶抑制剂中孵育时分布会变得更弥散。使用经酸性缓冲液预处理的精子可检测到与抗Ac1抗体共存于同一份血清样本中的抗Ac2抗体。Ac1和Ac2抗原在射出的精子、附睾和睾丸中的精子；精子细胞和精母细胞中均可显示。Ac1抗原似乎与微生物以及人类肾上腺的抗原存在广泛交叉反应；在输精管结扎术前男性的血清中经常发现抗Ac1抗体。相比之下，Ac2抗原与所检测的微生物或组织抗原无交叉反应；其抗体主要在男性中发现，且主要在输精管结扎术后出现。因此，抗Ac2抗体可能更能表明对精子的免疫反应，在与精子免疫相关的疾病中应寻找这种抗体。
