Papiri S, Ciaponi C, Capodaglio A, Collivignarelli C, Bertanza G, Swartling F, Crow M, Fantozzi M, Valcher P
Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Dept, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia 27100, Italy.
Water Sci Technol. 2003;47(7-8):327-34.
Urbanization increases the variety and amount of pollutants transported to receiving waters. Sediment from development and new construction; oil, grease, and toxic chemicals from automobiles; nutrients and pesticides from turf management and gardening; viruses and bacteria from failing septic systems; road salts; and heavy metals are examples of pollutants generated in urban areas. Sediments and solids constitute the largest volume of pollutant loads to receiving waters in urban areas. When runoff enters storm drains, it carries many of these pollutants with it. In older cities, this polluted runoff is often released directly into open waterways without any treatment. Increased pollutant loads can harm fish and wildlife populations, kill native vegetation, foul drinking water supplies, and make recreational areas unsafe. The objective of the study, performed by University of Pavia (Italy), University of Brescia (Italy) and GreenTechTexas International (US), reported herein is to evaluate the use of an innovative stormwater technology (EcoDräin) to reduce pollution due to urban runoff in existing urban areas. The paper describes the methodology and the results achieved with tests conducted in laboratory in Pavia University in Italy and in two pilot areas in Italy and in Australia to investigate the EcoDräin's effectiveness for oil and heavy metals retention and sediment trapping. In the tests performed in a marina near Sydney in Australia a reduction has been achieved in oil and grease concentration higher than 95% and a reduction in metal concentration (particularly Copper, Lead and Zinc) close to 98%. The paper also describes the methodology of the analysis on the absorbing material after its use and the consequent determination of the most efficient and environmentally safe way to dispose of consummated absorbent.
城市化增加了排入受纳水体的污染物种类和数量。开发建设和新建工程产生的沉积物；汽车排放的油污和有毒化学物质；草坪管理和园艺使用的营养物质和杀虫剂；化粪池系统故障产生的病毒和细菌；道路盐分；以及重金属都是城市地区产生的污染物实例。沉积物和固体构成了城市地区排入受纳水体的最大污染物负荷量。径流进入雨水排放管道时，会携带许多此类污染物。在老城区，这种受污染的径流往往未经任何处理就直接排入开放水道。污染物负荷增加会危害鱼类和野生动物种群、杀死本地植被、污染饮用水供应并使休闲区域变得不安全。本文报道的由意大利帕维亚大学、意大利布雷西亚大学和美国格林科技德克萨斯国际公司开展的这项研究的目的，是评估一种创新型雨水技术（生态排水系统）在减少现有城区城市径流污染方面的应用。本文描述了在意大利帕维亚大学实验室以及意大利和澳大利亚的两个试点地区进行测试的方法和取得的结果，以研究生态排水系统在截留油污和重金属以及捕获沉积物方面的有效性。在澳大利亚悉尼附近一个码头进行的测试中，油污和油脂浓度降低了95%以上，金属浓度（特别是铜、铅和锌）降低了近98%。本文还描述了对使用后的吸附材料进行分析的方法，以及随后确定处理用过的吸附剂的最有效且环境安全的方式。
