Jeannerod Marc
Institut des Sciences Cognitives, 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron, France.
Behav Brain Res. 2003 Jun 16;142(1-2):1-15. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00384-4.
Recognizing oneself as the owner of a body and the agent of actions requires specific mechanisms which have been elucidated only recently. One of these mechanisms is the monitoring of signals arising from bodily movements, i.e. the central signals which contribute to the generation of the movements and the sensory signals which arise from their execution. The congruence between these two sets of signals is a strong index for determining the experiences of ownership and agency, which are the main constituents of the experience of being an independent self. This mechanism, however, does not account from the frequent cases where an intention is generated but the corresponding action is not executed. In this paper, it is postulated that such covert actions are internally simulated by activating specific cortical networks or representations of the intended actions. This process of action simulation is also extended to the observation and the recognition of actions performed or intended by other agents. The problem of disentangling representations that pertain to self-intended actions from those that pertain to actions executed or intended by others, is a critical one for attributing actions to their respective agents. Failure to recognize one's own actions and misattribution of actions may result from pathological conditions which alter the readability of these representations.
将自己视为身体的所有者和行动的执行者需要特定的机制，而这些机制直到最近才得以阐明。其中一种机制是对身体运动产生的信号进行监测，即有助于运动产生的中枢信号以及运动执行时产生的感觉信号。这两组信号之间的一致性是确定所有权和能动性体验的有力指标，而所有权和能动性体验是独立自我体验的主要组成部分。然而，这种机制无法解释频繁出现的意图产生但相应行动未执行的情况。本文假定，此类隐蔽行动是通过激活特定的皮层网络或预期行动的表征在内部进行模拟的。这种行动模拟过程也扩展到对其他主体执行或意图执行的行动的观察和识别。将与自我意图行动相关的表征与与他人执行或意图执行的行动相关的表征区分开来的问题，对于将行动归因于各自的主体来说至关重要。无法识别自己的行动以及对行动的错误归因可能源于改变这些表征可读性的病理状况。
