Reverse vaccinology.

Whole-genome sequencing of bacteria and advances in bioinformatics have revolutionized the vaccinology field, leading to the identification of potential vaccine candidates without the need for cultivating the pathogen. This approach, termed "reverse vaccinology", reduces the time and cost required for the identification of candidate vaccines and provides new solutions for those diseases for which conventional approaches have failed. The first example of the potential of reverse vaccinology has been the identification of novel antigens of meningococcus B as potential candidates for a novel and effective vaccine. The same approach has been successfully applied to other important human pathogens, demonstrating the feasibility to develop vaccines against any infectious disease. This review focuses on some recent advances in the identification of vaccine candidates by mining the genomic sequences of pathogenic bacteria.