De Vuyst L, Foulquié Moreno M R, Revets H
Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB-IMDO), Pleinlaan 2, Belgium.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2003 Aug 1;84(3):299-318. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00425-7.
The inhibitory activity of 122 out of 426 Enterococcus strains of geographically widespread origin and from different sources (food and feed, animal isolates, clinical and nonclinical human isolates) was tested against a wide range of indicator bacteria. Seventy-two strains, mainly belonging to the species Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were bacteriocinogenic. A remarkable variation of inhibitory spectra occurred among the strains tested, including inhibition of, for instance, only closely related enterococci, other lactic acid bacteria (LAB), food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. No correlation could be found between the origin of the strains and the type of inhibitory spectrum, although a clustering of human isolates from both fecal and clinical origin was observed in the group of strains inhibiting lactic acid bacteria, Listeria, and either Staphylococcus or Clostridium. No relationship could be established between the presence of enterocin structural genes and the origin of the strain either, and hence no correlation seemed to exist between the presence of known enterocin genes and the activity spectra of these enterococci. The structural gene of enterocin A was widely distributed among E. faecium strains, whereas that of enterocin B only occurred in the presence of enterocin A. The vancomycin resistance phenotype as well as the presence of vancomycin resistance genes was also investigated. The vanA gene only occurred among E. faecium strains. The incidence of beta-hemolysis was not restricted to E. faecalis strains, but among the E. faecium strains the structural genes of cytolysin were not detected. beta-Hemolysis occurred in strains both from food and nonfood origin. It has been concluded that bacteriocin-producing E. faecium strains lacking hemolytic activity and not carrying cytolysin nor vancomycin resistance genes may be useful as starter cultures, cocultures, or probiotics.
对来自广泛地理区域、不同来源（食品和饲料、动物分离株、临床和非临床人类分离株）的426株肠球菌中的122株进行了抑制活性测试，测试对象为多种指示菌。72株菌主要属于粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌，具有产细菌素的能力。在所测试的菌株中，抑制谱存在显著差异，例如有的菌株仅能抑制密切相关的肠球菌，有的能抑制其他乳酸菌（LAB）、食品腐败菌和病原菌。尽管在抑制乳酸菌、李斯特菌以及葡萄球菌或梭菌的菌株组中观察到来自粪便和临床来源的人类分离株聚集，但菌株来源与抑制谱类型之间未发现相关性。肠球菌素结构基因的存在与菌株来源之间也无法建立联系，因此已知肠球菌素基因的存在与这些肠球菌的活性谱之间似乎不存在相关性。肠球菌素A的结构基因在屎肠球菌菌株中广泛分布，而肠球菌素B的结构基因仅在存在肠球菌素A时出现。还研究了万古霉素耐药表型以及万古霉素耐药基因的存在情况。vanA基因仅在屎肠球菌菌株中出现。β溶血现象并不局限于粪肠球菌菌株，但在屎肠球菌菌株中未检测到溶血素的结构基因。β溶血现象在来自食品和非食品来源的菌株中均有发生。得出的结论是，不具有溶血活性、不携带溶血素和万古霉素耐药基因的产细菌素屎肠球菌菌株可用作发酵剂培养物、共培养物或益生菌。
