Dohil Magdalene A, Billman Glenn, Pransky Seth, Eichenfield Lawrence F
Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 92123, USA.
Arch Dermatol. 2003 Jun;139(6):767-70. doi: 10.1001/archderm.139.6.767.
Circumscribed oral melanotic macules in adults are a well-defined entity. Congenital oral melanotic macules, however, are rare and not well characterized. We report 5 cases of congenital lingual melanotic lesions with consistent clinical and histologic features.
Congenital lingual melanotic macules presented in all cases at birth, followed by proportional growth. Clinical findings were well-circumscribed, brown, single or multiple macules on the tongue, 2 to 5 mm in size, without history of bleeding, ulceration, or trauma. Family history was negative for similar pigmented lesions. A literature review showed only 2 previous clinical case reports with similar features. Histopathologic examination showed increased melanin pigmentation in the basal epidermal layer with varying degrees of overlying hyperkeratosis and subepidermal pigment-laden macrophages. No appreciable increase in melanocyte number, junctional nests of melanocytes, or cell atypia was noted. Two retrospective histopathology reviews mention 4 corresponding cases but report no clinical data.
The congenital lingual melanotic macule represents a clinically distinct, benign, pigmented oral melanotic lesion, and may be more common than the literature suggests.
成人局限性口腔黑色素斑是一种明确的病变。然而，先天性口腔黑色素斑较为罕见且特征描述不足。我们报告5例具有一致临床和组织学特征的先天性舌部黑色素病变。
所有病例的先天性舌部黑色素斑均在出生时出现，并随身体比例生长。临床检查发现为边界清晰的褐色、单个或多个斑点，位于舌部，大小为2至5毫米，无出血、溃疡或创伤史。家族史中无类似色素沉着病变。文献回顾显示，此前仅有2例具有相似特征的临床病例报告。组织病理学检查显示，基底表皮层黑色素沉着增加，伴有不同程度的上皮过度角化和表皮下含色素巨噬细胞。未观察到黑素细胞数量明显增加、黑素细胞交界性巢或细胞异型性。两项回顾性组织病理学研究提及4例相应病例，但未报告临床数据。
先天性舌部黑色素斑是一种临床上独特的、良性的色素性口腔黑色素病变，可能比文献报道更为常见。
