Nudo Randolph J
Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS 66160, USA.
J Rehabil Med. 2003 May(41 Suppl):7-10. doi: 10.1080/16501960310010070.
It is now widely recognized that the cerebral cortex of adult human and non-human mammals is capable of widespread functional and structural plasticity. During the learning of new skills, cortical regions associated with sensorimotor function of the body parts most utilized for the skilled task come to be represented over larger cortical territories. More recent studies have shown that functional and structural changes take place in the cerebral cortex after injury, such as occurs after stroke or trauma. These two modulators of cortical function, sensorimotor learning and cortical injury, interact. Thus, after cortical injury, the structure and function of undamaged parts of the brain are remodeled during recovery, shaped by the sensorimotor experiences of the individual in the weeks to months following injury. These recent neuroscientific findings suggest that new rehabilitative interventions, both physiotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic, may have benefit via modulation of neuroplastic mechanisms.
现在人们普遍认识到，成年人类和非人类哺乳动物的大脑皮层具有广泛的功能和结构可塑性。在学习新技能的过程中，与执行该技能任务时最常使用的身体部位的感觉运动功能相关的皮层区域，会在更大的皮层区域得到体现。最近的研究表明，大脑皮层在受伤后，如中风或创伤后，会发生功能和结构变化。这两种调节皮层功能的因素，即感觉运动学习和皮层损伤，会相互作用。因此，在皮层损伤后，大脑未受损部分的结构和功能在恢复过程中会发生重塑，这是由个体在受伤后数周或数月内的感觉运动体验所塑造的。这些最新的神经科学研究结果表明，新的康复干预措施，包括物理治疗和药物治疗，可能通过调节神经可塑性机制而发挥作用。
