Niedhammer I, Chea M
INSERM Unit 88, Hôpital National de Saint-Maurice, France.
Occup Environ Med. 2003 Jul;60(7):509-15. doi: 10.1136/oem.60.7.509.
Psychosocial factors at work have been found to be significant contributors to health, especially cardiovascular health.
To explore the relation between psychosocial factors at work and self reported health, using cross sectional and prospective analyses for a large occupational cohort of men and women.
Psychosocial factors at work were evaluated using the Karasek questionnaire, designed to measure psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, and physical demands. Self reported health was used as health outcome. Covariates included chronic diseases, and sociodemographic, occupational, and behavioural factors. The cross sectional and prospective analyses concerned respectively 11 447 and 7664 workers. Men and women were analysed separately.
Cross sectional analysis revealed significant associations between psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, and physical demands, and self reported health for both men and women. Prospective analysis showed that high psychological demands for both genders, low decision authority for men, and low social support and high physical demands for women were predictive of poor self reported health. These results were independent of potential confounding variables.
Results highlight the predictive effects of psychosocial factors at work on self reported health in a one year follow up study. They also underline the need for longitudinal study design and separate analyses for men and women in the field of psychosocial factors at work.
工作中的社会心理因素已被发现是健康的重要影响因素，尤其是对心血管健康。
通过对大量男女职业队列进行横断面分析和前瞻性分析，探讨工作中的社会心理因素与自我报告的健康之间的关系。
使用Karasek问卷评估工作中的社会心理因素，该问卷旨在测量心理需求、决策自由度、社会支持和身体需求。自我报告的健康状况作为健康结果。协变量包括慢性病以及社会人口学、职业和行为因素。横断面分析和前瞻性分析分别涉及11447名和7664名工人。对男性和女性分别进行分析。
横断面分析显示，心理需求、决策自由度、社会支持和身体需求与男性和女性的自我报告健康之间存在显著关联。前瞻性分析表明，两性的高心理需求、男性的低决策权、女性的低社会支持和高身体需求预示着自我报告的健康状况不佳。这些结果独立于潜在的混杂变量。
研究结果突出了工作中的社会心理因素在一年随访研究中对自我报告健康的预测作用。它们还强调了在工作中的社会心理因素领域进行纵向研究设计以及对男性和女性分别进行分析的必要性。
