Kudo Naomi, Kawashima Yoichi
Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
J Toxicol Sci. 2003 May;28(2):49-57. doi: 10.2131/jts.28.49.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an octanoic acid derivative to which all aliphatic hydrocarbons are substituted by fluorine. PFOA and its salts are commercially used in various industrial processes. The chemical is persistent in the environment and does not undergo biotransformation. It was reported that PFOA is found not only in the serum of occupationally exposed workers but also general populations. Recent studies have suggested that the biological half-life of PFOA in humans is 4.37 years based on study of occupationally exposed workers. It is increasingly suspect that PFOA accumulates and affects human health, although the toxicokinetics of PFOA in humans remain unclear. In experimental animals, PFOA seems low in toxicity. PFOA is well-absorbed following oral and inhalation exposure, and to a lesser extent following dermal exposure. Once absorbed in the body, it distributes predominantly to the liver and plasma, and to a lesser extent the kidney and lungs. PFOA is excreted in both urine and feces. Biological half-life of PFOA is quite different between species and sexes and the difference is due mainly to the difference in renal clearance. In rats, renal clearance of PFOA is regulated by sex hormones, especially testosterone. PFOA is excreted into urine by active tubular secretion, and certain organic anion transporters are though to be responsible for the secretion. Fecal excretion is also important in the elimination of PFOA. There is evidence that PFOA undergoes enterohepatic circulation resulting in reduced amounts of fecal excretion. Elucidation of the mechanisms of transport in biological systems leads to elimination and detoxification of this chemical in the human body.
全氟辛酸（PFOA）是一种辛酸衍生物，其所有脂肪烃均被氟取代。PFOA及其盐类在各种工业过程中都有商业用途。这种化学物质在环境中具有持久性，不会发生生物转化。据报道，PFOA不仅存在于职业暴露工人的血清中，也存在于普通人群中。最近的研究表明，根据对职业暴露工人的研究，PFOA在人体内的生物半衰期为4.37年。越来越多的人怀疑PFOA会在体内蓄积并影响人体健康，尽管PFOA在人体内的毒代动力学仍不清楚。在实验动物中，PFOA的毒性似乎较低。口服和吸入暴露后，PFOA的吸收率较高，经皮肤暴露后的吸收率较低。一旦被人体吸收，它主要分布在肝脏和血浆中，在肾脏和肺中的分布较少。PFOA通过尿液和粪便排出体外。PFOA的生物半衰期在不同物种和性别之间有很大差异，这种差异主要是由于肾脏清除率的不同。在大鼠中，PFOA的肾脏清除率受性激素，尤其是睾酮的调节。PFOA通过肾小管主动分泌排泄到尿液中，某些有机阴离子转运体被认为负责这种分泌。粪便排泄在PFOA的消除中也很重要。有证据表明，PFOA会进行肠肝循环，导致粪便排泄量减少。阐明生物系统中的转运机制有助于在人体内消除和解毒这种化学物质。
